Essays on Science

Reliability Reliability involves the standards of quality of measurements, it can be described as the repeatability or the consistency of the measurements obtained. The interrater reliability indices focus on the ratings or judgments across judges or raters. Using the modern test theory and reliability generalization, the stability of ratings obtained by...

Inter-Rater Reliability By definition, inter-rater is the statistical measurement that tends to determine the similarity between the data that is collected by the different raters. Raters are those who score or measure the behavior, performance or skill in an animal or human (Sackett, 2006). The raters include various interviewers, psychologists that...

Jonathan Vogel argues that a non-skeptical approach to the knowledge of the world is necessary before making any conclusion. The best explanation of what happens around the external world is provided through a real-world hypothesis and not an isomorphic skeptical hypothesis based on Vogel. The two premises revealed from Vogel’s...

Sheltered English instruction refers to a way of teaching the English language in a way centered on the student. SEI has several components unique to it. These are preparation, background knowledge, comprehensible input, strategies, interaction, application, lesson delivery, and assessment (Berman, 2012). This paper will evaluate two lessons to test...

Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin was a controversial artist, architect, and critic, born in London and later influenced by his French father into making architectural drawings of medieval and ecclesiastical buildings. He is credited with making significant contributions in the revival of the Gothic tradition (Russell). From 1835 until he died...

Ethics in Engineering Ethics refer to the general code of conduct or principles required in a specific field or that which a person has set to govern their lives. Just like any other field of study, engineering also requires specific set of rules to ensure that there is proper sailing in...

In my own opinion, to really “know” something means to have knowledge regarding a particular thing/ issue.  We “know” things when we are less or more assured that it is true depending on the proof of our thoughts or senses processes. For instance, On the other hand, knowledge is an...

Consciousness and its Kinds Often, we end up doing lots of dumb things while in real sense we are smart and intelligent. This situation is well explained by studying consciousness. Consciousness is defined as being awake and aware of the things taking place around us as well as the things that...

Nozick's Theory of Justice Nozick’s theory of justice claims that, by examining its history, one can determine if goods have been distributed in a just way or not. Unlike, John Rawls theory of justice based on original agreements and structure of the society (Feibleman, 207), Nozick’s argument is historically based. The...

‘Psyche’ is the Greek word for ‘soul’ meaning that psychology is the theory of souls. There are many different theories of the soul. Aristotle’s theory is principally presented in his publication, ‘De Anima’ simply translating as ‘On the Soul’. Aristotle defines the soul as an individual kind of nature, a...

Myth can be described as a symbolic narrative that usually does not have a clear origin and mostly is partly traditional and relates to some actual event observed or experienced by members of a given society. This paper will discuss the hero’s myth of Hercules. Hercules is a hero god in...

There has been a lot of debate on the qualification of the concept of intelligent design in the science realm. While some scientists and philosophers argue that the arguments presented in the intelligent design context cannot be observed and tested and can only exist as a quasi-religious doctrine, others hold...