Essays on Philosophy

The extreme cultural relativism (ECR) conception is a contemporary sociological hypothesis, which accounts on the origin and functions of conscience from a secular approach. It, however, goes beyond this empirical hypothesis, and according to Hill’s, it perceives the promptings of conscience as nothing but feelings, which reflect on individuals’ internalization...

The Plato’s Republic provides an opportunity for a succinct evaluation of the Socratic method of questioning when the great philosopher engages other thinkers like Thrasymachus, Adeimantus, and Glaucon. The purpose of the essay is to explain why Plato disassociates Socrates from Sophists and Plato's definition of justice.             Plato puts three...

"A Theory of Justice" by John Rawls "A Theory of Justice" by John Rawls is a critical assessment of the social justice system which he presented as a social contract based on justice. Rawls defined justice as the fairness which would be promoted by individuals in an original position; where they...

Marcus Aurelius was one of the exemplary emperors in Rome and known as the last of the five good Roman emperors. Marcus trained on Stoic philosophy, which emphasizes on personal ethics and happiness of human beings. Marcus Aurelius was thus able to note down his everyday experiences on journals guided...

In “The Subjectivity of Values”, Mackie makes a case in favor of an error theory concerning objective morality. According to him, moral judgments essentially presuppose moral objectivity (Mackie 12). The essayist argues that moral objectivity necessitates two elements: the ability to unconditionally inspire people to act, and an intrinsic reason-giving...

THE ARTIST BARNETT NEWMAN COMMENTED:’AESTHETICS IS FOR ART WHAT ORNITHOLOGY IS FOR THE BIRDS.’ BASED ON IMMANUEL KANT’S PHILOSOPHY HOW WOULD HE RESPOND TO NEWMAN’S CLAIM? Aesthetics and the actual practice of art have been compared with the philosophy of science, modern physics and mathematics for several years. However, academic aesthetics...

In the paper “Desire and the Human Good,” Richard Kraut states that the theory used to defend pluralism, Desire Satisfaction Theory, is weak and cannot be able to provide the defense required, because of this, he offers an alternative.  In the paper, Kraut presents an argument against the Desire-Based Theories...

The parties included in the article “Thinking Critically about Ethical Issues, Case 1, p. 60” are the Makah, Sea Shepherd, the US government and Progressive Animal Welfare Society (PAWS). The Makah is one of the Native American tribe whose culture is characterized by killing gray whales. The Sea Shepherd is...

Inductive Validity Inductive validity involves inferences where the where the premises provide a basis for the conclusion but despite the existence of true premises in certain situations, the conclusion derived still turn out as false. To consider an argument as deductively valid then its conclusion must no factual claim to the...

I remember my first day to attend this Philosophy class; the professor asked the class what the meaning of life was which I had no solid answer to the question. In my mind, I thought that what is essential for the people and they live to acquire it was the...

Nozick's Theory of Justice Nozick’s theory of justice claims that, by examining its history, one can determine if goods have been distributed in a just way or not. Unlike, John Rawls theory of justice based on original agreements and structure of the society (Feibleman, 207), Nozick’s argument is historically based. The...

A nation according to Plato is structured in a way that it strengthens and supports the need for a philosopher-king. Because through a philosopher king, the Kallipolis is brought to life and the society achieves genuine happiness. In this case, Plato understood the utopia just as a concept but not...