Essays on Illness

Chapter 5: Operant ConditioningPeople and other animals learn to learn to obtain or refrain from certain responses to obtain rewards or avoid negative consequences. Consequently, these conditions are created in the brain by the dorsal striatum and the orbitofrontal cortex. Dorsal striatum is particularly crucial in learning involving discriminative stimuli....

Autism is a disorder characterized by challenges with speech and nonverbal communication with the inclusion of social-interaction difficulties (Redshaw " Hellen 498). For others, symptoms may be more severe when the interference of their everyday life falls on the repetitive behavior and lack of spoken language. These people find it...

Autism, also referred to as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a world range of conditions related to brain development and identified with challenges with social interactions, repetitive behaviors, verbal and nonverbal communication (Tustin). Autism varies from person to person in terms of strengths and challenges, and therefore therapy may differ regarding...

Attention, deficit hyperactivity disorder, was first mentioned in the early 1900's. Sir George Still, a pediatrician from Britain, described it as "an abnormal defect of moral control in children" (Holland, 2015). Today it is a commonplace for a child, usually by the age of seven years old, and for some...

The primary issue that is trying to be resolved in the present case is where a man is ordered to face a murder trial after killing his suffering wife. The wife was suffering from terminal heart disease and Lou Gehrig's disease, and due to this condition, she was unable to...

Aging is a gradual functional decline or evolved regress of physiological function as an individual becomes older. In simple terms, aging is the advancement of growing old. Until recently, research on human development concentrated on childhood and adolescence. The upgrade in medicine, nutrition, and physical exercise has increased the lifespan...

Addiction is basically a brain disease brought about by the long-term use of a substance. Being used to the practice of certain behaviours can also lead to addiction. On the side of drug addiction, according to the National Institute on drug abuse, Drugs alter the normal functioning of the brain...

Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) Therapy Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is a therapy that involves Cognitive Behavior, to treat people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) experiences for one to be in control of their OCD. ERP requires that one should expose themselves in a set up that stimulates obsession for...

Autism is a neurological disorder characterized by abnormal emotional and social communication. Additionally, it is also characterized by repetitive and restricted behavior. It can either be specific or pervasive in nature. Specific autism manifests itself as impairment in only one domain, for instance in speech. The Pervasive nature entails a...

Individuals with Personality Disorders Individuals with personality disorders (PDs) exhibit feelings, thoughts and behaviours that contradict with established societal norms and cultural expectations (Edition, 2013; Aggarwal, 2013). The UK National Offender Management Service (NOMS) outlines three conditions for PD to be present. First PDs are problematic – they cause people to...

The desire of an individual to eat or when to stop eating is in their mind. A strong comprehension of which section of the brain controls the motivation to eat can result in a greater comprehension of what makes some individuals overeat. There have been many critics that take the...

Inappropriate use of drugs is a problem leading to myriads of challenges to the life of people across the world. In addition to harming the users, the drugs affect the life of family members. Moreover, the life of the society has a high potential of being affected by the mayhem...