Zebrafish as a Nervous System Gerontology Model

Understanding the molecular organisms in aging vertebrates is one of the challenges facing biologists in the field of biomedical science today. Human treatment of illnesses and consequences related to aging is the main area of focus. Modern knowledge on the intricacies and experimental research being done to better treat diseases of old age is missing from textbooks. In this essay, Von Haucke et al2015 .'s study on physiology and anatomy is reviewed. Zebrafish, according to the authors, is a useful model for studying the nervous system's role in aging and in understanding disease, repair, and aging in vertebrates. This article aims to provide an overview of processes involved in aging in vertebrates which is a challenge to modern biomedical and biological science. The source is literature review research that brings together results from different studies on the association between Zebrafish and aging human beings. The authors review the literature on the concept of aging in vertebrates and suggest the best way to use these data. The authors’ results indicate that that aging zebra has a similar process to that of aging humans which is manifested at the cellular and organism levels. The three authors try to make readers understand the complexities of the multifactorial nature and complexity of the aging process. The literature review is consistent with the results obtained from experiments conducted on vertebrates. The authors argue that Zebrafish has been successful in the experiments done with vertebrates and is used by large scientific communities. Research shows that Zebrafish produces many embryos, is easy to maintain and resourceful in large-scale pharmacological and genetic interventions (Barbazuk et al. 2000). The authors also use the previous research to show the impact of the contributions of Zebrafish experiments to the basic understanding of vertebrate development and molecular organism. The authors concluded that zebrafish are worthy of investigation in gerontology research because they age gradually as a versatile model organism. Their conclusion provides help to scientists who have not found solutions to the complexities involved in aging adults. They also express their concerns about the urgent need for further investigation of aging biology and mechanisms of age-related diseases in adults.

The articles mentioned in this source are written by scholars in the field biomedical and anatomy field. They are articles from educative medical journals making them authentic and valid in this context. The high level of authenticity of the sources created confidence and maintained the standard of this research review. It is clear from the type of sources that the authors maintained standards of review when choosing the journals. Reviews on physiological and anatomy papers should take into account the quality of the literature and how it impacts the findings (Vanhooren et al. 2010). The authors have attempted to conduct further review on the relevant experiments that contribute to the research of gerontology research including cross-disciplinary work. One of the articles chosen for review by Barbazuk and several other authors has relevant literature on the relationship between zebrafish and the human genome (Barbazuk et al. 2000). The article also provides a consistent description of the experimental procedures involved in each experimental research used to explain the concepts of the research. Each experimental design reviewed in the article supports the arguments of the author and leads to consistency in the choice of experimental and theoretical articles to review. Besides the experimental research, the authors also focus on theoretical research to critically analyze the experiments based on scientific theories. The authors use survey data to illustrate that Zebrafish have similar age associated pathologies with humans. They provide data on the deficits arising from the aging of Zebrafish.

Analysis of Data and Methods Used

The author has presented this article as a literature review of multiple of works. The works reviewed by the authors are current and previous research. The method of data collection used by the researchers helps to compare the trusted evidence and create suggestions for future research on the subject matter. The methodology issued in this article provides a comprehensive analysis of Zebrafish gerontology progress. It is a systematic review of high-quality research arguments and evidence relevant to the complexity of diseases in old age. The authors majorly emphasize on nervous system aging. Research review methodology should consider the primary source and investigate the procedures used to conduct the research. This article is consistent with this view because it reviews the evidence from experimental research proving that classic hallmarks of aging are present the Zebrafish at two levels, molecular and cellular.

The authors use relevant content to present the article, making this research less ambiguous. The content of this article is majorly the hallmarks of aging in Zebrafish nervous systems such as genomic stability, impaired proteostasis, telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion and alternation in intercellular communication. The audiences of this research are biometrics and biologist who research on the treatment of old age diseases. They are familiar with these topics and can obtain information that will increase their knowledge on the subject of the research. The authors mention the essence of each concept and support their arguments with scholarly research. The research also states the importance of using Zebrafish in gerontology research at this time using the sample research. The timing is important because it helps to determine the relevance of the research, its design and the literature reviewed by the authors. It is important to note that this review comes out a time when the population of aging adults is high and so are the diseases associated with them. The content of the research does not leave out the basic foundation of the research. It is clear from the introduction section that the research aims to fill the gap of knowledge in human physiological and molecular mechanism of senescent. The author further explains the reason why there is lack of understanding of the process of aging despite the progress in research. There is relevant background literature that revealed and syntheses under each Hallmark of aging.

The researcher has failed to describe and justify the use of the review in this research method. It is important to explain how appropriate this method is by stating the advantages and disadvantages of reviews. Although the investigated concepts are clear in the introduction, the author failed to state why the review is relevant in this research and the reason for selecting certain experiments as sources to provide an overview of the concepts of aging. There are different research strategies that could provide insight on the study of human aging. However, the researcher chose to review research reports from previous experiments and survey studies. The other options of research approaches such as experimentation, case study and survey are not mentioned by the researchers.

Why this Work is Important

This article is important because it brings together experiments and theories on molecular aging to add to the extensive investigation of Zebrafish as a model of biological gerontology. It provides optimism for discovery of principles that direct the human aging and the alternative ways to holdup and attenuate human development. Human are diurnal mammals; they have gradual senescence and long life spurn as compared to other animals. The choice of animal models used to study human aging is an issue of concern in biological research. It is essential to note from this research that prior and current human aging models used by biologists are limited hence the call for an advance approach that integrates diverse species to provide a clue. The new approach should also identify the common vital elements in maturing among living organisms.

This article is also important because it challenges the model of mice used by previous researchers. Mice are the only popular vertebrate that addresses questions regarding the aging process. The researchers do not dispute the results obtained from the research conducted on mice. Mice provide important insights to scientists on mammalian aging and continue to lead biologists to future studies (Van houcke et al. 2015). However, Vanhooren and Claude state that that having the mice model alone is limiting especially when dealing with apparent caveats (Vanhooren et al. 2010). The example provided in the research is the important difference between nocturnal and diurnal species. This article provides reviews research that suggests that using the Zebrafish model helps to answer questions regarding growth and aging of vertebrates in a more highborn and tactical set than that of the mice.

The authors in this article mention the unbiased mutant screens in vertebrates with growing phenotypes. Besides providing the overview of specific genes related to aging and development process, researchers should perform unbiased mutant screen to know the additional genes that cause age-related dysfunctions and late-onset diseases. The multiple chronic diseases is a complex enigma to scientists and have caused arguments about the disease and aging phenotype. The article helps scientists to understand the complex elements in intrinsic genre interaction and environmental factors that affect disease progression in vertebrates.

In conclusion, this research offers insight to biological and biomedical research by reviewing the studies on the aging in vertebrates. It provides an overview of the experimental research that answers the emerging questions on the complexity of the aging process and animal models that can help to understand these developments. The authors imply that Zebrafish genetic model provides an exceptional opportunity to add to the gap of knowledge on biological and behavioral gerontology. The review combines different experimental research to support their suggestion on the molecular organism of aging. The article is important in creating suggestions for extensive research in the world. It provides optimism in the discovery of principles that were governing the ubiquitous process. The authors present the article in a clear and unambiguous way.

References

Barbazuk WB, Korf I, Kadavi C, Heyen J, Tate S, Wun E, Johnson SL. 2000. The syntonic relationship of the zebrafish and human genomes. Genome research. 10(9), 1351-1358.

Van houcke J, De Groef L, Dekeyster E, Moons L. 2015. The zebrafish as a gerontology model in nervous system aging, disease, and repair. Ageing research reviews. 24, 358-368.

Vanhooren V, Libert C. 2013. The mouse as a model organism in aging research: usefulness, pitfalls and possibilities. Ageing research reviews. 12(1), 8-21.