A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a disease that presents the symptoms of a stroke and is caused by a heart attack but lasts for a short while. The condition and effects of the disease are; however, not permanent (Galloway " Lakin, 2017). The disease is also referred to as a minor stroke. There are cases where people who get TIA disease end up having a stroke. The time of having the disease may vary, but there is certainty of occurrence.
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is a disease that presents in the form of heartbeats that are not regular and frequently occurs in a person over a short period. A person who has atrial fibrillation has a higher risk of heart failure and even stroke on end. When the patient is suffering from the disease, the upper chambers of the heart tend to have different rhythmic patterns from the lower chambers and thus causing non-coordination of the hearts (Iwasaki et al., 2011).
2. Formation of a Thrombus
The thrombus will tend to form when there is a rupture in the plague of a person. The first stage of the composition occurs when the platelets form at the site of the ruptured plaque (Bostock, 2013). After the formation, chemical mediators in the body such as serotonin ensure there is hyperactivity of the platelets that have already been formed. There will further be a release of thromboxane A2 which hinders the smooth flow of blood in the body and thus aggravates the situation. On the platelets, the enzymes that enhance the ability to bond with adhesive proteins are activated. The thrombus thus grows gradually and eventually stabilizes. Fibrin deposits will be experienced with the deposit of coagulation and thus strengthen the thrombus. The clot thus becomes stronger and resistant to any medication.
3. Symptoms of TIA Exhibited by Mary
There are several symptoms that Mary experienced that strongly show that she has AF. The clot in her blood was close to permanent and thus took a long while to thin and get back to normal. The risk of return is equally still high, and; therefore, she has to be kept in continuous medication and check.
4. Potential Risk of Cerebral Vascular Accident and Heart Failure
There are several risk factor that is associated with heart failures. The individual can control some of those while others they have no control over (Galloway " Lakin, 2017). The ones that individuals have no control over will include factors such as age and gender. The pones that the person has control over would consist of smoking, body cholesterol levels, obesity and the rate of physical inactivity.
Pharmacology
1. The site of action and desired effect of Coreg, Plavix, Micardis
The drugs are desired to assist the patients who are experiencing extreme conditions of heart failure pressure which possess a risk to their lives (Reis et al., 2017). The drugs are used after someone has experienced a heart attack to improve the chances of survival. The main functions that they play in the body are to lower the blood pressure and thus prevent any heart attacks. They strive to reduce the harm caused by harmful substances in the blood such as clots.
2. Side effects of Coreg, Plavix, Micardis
The drugs present a variety of side effects when they are used. The most common side effects of drugs are excessive nose bleeding (Halima et al., 2018). The nose bleeding at times is persistent and thus does not stop quickly. The patient will also experience an extreme headache as they take in the drugs. Itching of the body will also be experienced as a consequent of using Coreg, Plavix, and Micardis.
Treatment Management
1. Clinical Reasoning For drugs
The various drugs are meant to perform multiple reasons within the body. The Coreg is intended to reduce the heartbeat and thus ensure the lower chambers, and upper chambers can effectively coordinate their activities (Bostock, 2013). Plavix prevents any occurrence of harmful substances in the body to continue subjecting the body to continuous harm. Micardis ensures there is a long-term rhythmic flow of blood in the body and corrects any fault that may occur.
2. Lifestyle modifications
Mary needs to ensure that she regularly exercises to ensure the body is fit and thus able to fight diseases. She should also avoid high-risk foods such as junk. The use of drugs and substances such as alcohol and tobacco, which enhance the occurrence of the condition, should also be minimized.
References
Bostock-Cox, B. (2013). The patient with suspected stroke. Practice Nurse, 43(2), 24–27.
Galloway, T., " Lakin, A. (2017). Assessing and tackling risk factors for stroke. Practice Nurse, 47(6), 32–37.
Halima, A. B., Ouali, S., Murali, M. S., Chabrak, S., Chettaoui, R., Halima, M. B., Boughzala, E. (2018). Design and Rationale of the National Tunisian Registry of Atrial Fibrillation: Protocol for a Prospective, Multicenter Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(10), 128.
Iwasaki, Y., Nishida, K., Kato, T., " Nattel, S. (2011). Atrial Fibrillation Pathophysiology. Circulation, 124(20), 2264-2274. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.019893
Reis, J. P., Auer, R., Bancks, M. P., Jr, D. C. G., Lewis, C. E., Pletcher, M. J., Sidney, S. (2017). Cumulative Lifetime Marijuana Use and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Middle Age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. American Journal of Public Health, 107(4), 601–606.
