In several fields, microorganisms are acknowledged to be more problematic than helpful. It is crucial to keep them under control and to prevent their expansion because they have been connected to numerous ailments. Additionally, this would aid in preventing the spread of illness and other medical disorders.
In industries like medical, food production, and even agriculture, it's crucial to manage the microorganism's growth (Gayán et al. 140). Microorganisms can be controlled in one of two ways: by eradicating them or by obstructing their growth. Physical or chemical agents may be used to exert this control. Chemicals that are used to inhibit the growth of microorganisms are referred to as static agent while those that are used to control or inhibit their growth is called a local agent. The process of killing microorganism using bacteria is referred to as bactericidal. On the other hand, using bacteria to limit their growth is known as bacteriostatic (Gayán et al. 4469). This essay is a lab report on how temperature and ultraviolet rays can be used to control the growth of the microorganism. An experiment was set up in trying to find out if it is possible for the UV light to control the growth of an organism or killed them altogether.
Procedure
The experiment was carried out to determine the effect of temperature on growth of bacteria. Three of bacteria were used, namely, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The second part was carried out using ultraviolet rays with two bacteria, Escherichia coli and Bacillus Subtilis. The third part of the experiment involved control of their growth using heat. It was carried out with two bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli.
In the process of conducting this test, 2 TSA plate were used. One plate was inoculated with Escherichia Coli and the other one with Bacillus subtitles each plate was labeled with a name, organism in it and the lab time.
The bottom of each plate was into half divided at the bottom using marker pen. One side of the plate was labeled control while the other was marked UV Exposure. Inoculate sterile was then swabbed into the culture. Organisms in the plates were then placed by making three zig zag lines on the surface. It was then rotated into 450. This was done for second and third zig zag lines
Ultra Violet Exposure
The process here was done using safety glasses so as to prevent the direct exposure to UV light source. The lid of each plate was removed half way, and the other half was kept covered. The plate was then exposed to UV light for about five minutes.
Escherichia Coli organism was placed at 55 degrees Celsius for twenty minutes and Bacillus subtilis at 55 degree Celsius for ten minutes. Escherichia Coli was again exposed to the same temperature for ten minutes, and the two results were observed.
Result
Result on effect of temperature on bacteria
Escherichia Coli exposed to 55 degrees Celsius for twenty minutes gave a negative result. When it was placed again at the same temperature for ten minutes, it also gave a negative result. However, Bacillus subtilis at 55 degree Celsius for ten minutes showed a positive result. The result was as shown in the photo below
The result shows that the two bacteria vary in temperature tolerance. Escherichia coli can survive at high temperature but not at low temperature. Bacillus subtilis is opposite. It will survive at low temperature, below 80 degrees but can survive only for 20 minutes in temperatures that is 100 degrees and above.
The side exposed to UV light has few microorganisms as compared to the side, which is not.
Discussion
Ultra violet rays inhibit the DNA replication when absorbed by the microorganism. This damages DNA beyond repair and this making their growth involved. UV light can also kill the organisms.
In the lab test carried put as outlined above, the plates that were exposed to UV light shows no growth of bacteria. Many died as a result (Oguma, et al. 24). But the one that was marked control had a different result; the bacteria in those plates survived and somehow replicated and became many.
Moist heat sterilization is using water or liquid with UV lights to destroy the Microorganism. On the contrary, dry heat is that which has no liquid in it. These two methods are used for sterilization and treatment of various products against a microorganism.
Disinfection can be described as the process of reducing or controlling the harmful microorganisms while sterilization is used in killing the organisms completely. These two methods apply ultraviolet light rays.
UV lights kill or inactivate microorganisms by destroying their nucleic acid and also disrupting the replication process of their DNA (Sung 7). This leaves them unable to carry out the vital functions. The process is used in food treatment and also air and water purification. When the bacteria and other microorganisms are exposed to UV light, they become unable to reproduce and also cannot infect people with diseases. UV lights kill or inhibit their growth and thus controls them (Sunget 7). The process involved exposing them to higher heat of UV rays to make their DNA incapable of producing another microorganism.
Conclusion
To conclude, it is right to say that UV light can be used to control the growth of microorganisms. From the lab experiment carried out in this test, the plates that had microorganism and were not exposed to UV lights did not die, and instead replicated and become more. On the other hand, those that were exposed to UV light were killed, and those that survived were not able to reproduce. When ultra violet rays are absorbed into the bodies of microorganism, their DNA is destroyed to the point that they cannot be repaired and thus would not be able to grow
Works Cited
Gayán, Elisa, I. Álvarez, & S. Condón. "Inactivation of bacterial spores by UV-C light." Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 19 (2013): 140-145.
Gayán, Elisa, et al. "Mechanism of the synergistic inactivation of Escherichia coli by UV-C light at mild temperatures." Applied and environmental microbiology 79.14 (2013): 4465-4473.
Oguma, Kumiko, et al. "Application of UV light emitting diodes to batch and flow-through water disinfection systems." Desalination 328 (2013): 24-30.
Sung, Su-Jin, et al. "Sterilization effect of atmospheric pressure non-thermal air plasma on dental instruments." The journal of advanced prosthodontics 5.1 (2013): 2-8.
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