The predecessor body to the United Nation is the League of Nations. The League of Nation was founded throughout the First World War in 1919 by the Accord of Versailles (one of the peace agreements espoused the end First World War). The goal of the aim League of Nation was to boost cooperation between republics as well as to keep global peace and unity. Regrettably, the League of Nations failed to avert Second World War and, hence, was perceived as a letdown.
The expression ‘United Nations” was initially applied in 1942 by Premier Franklin D. Roosevelt D in the Assertion by the UN to define the nations signing such pronouncement. The Pronouncement by the UN was an inductee by twenty-six countries to battle together as the Joined Powers alongside the Axis clouts throughout WW11. The Axis Powers as an alliance of states in Second World War led by Japan, Italy, also Germany (Conte, and Burchill, 2016, p.210).
Two months following the expiry of the WW11, the councils of the Allied Powers along with twenty-four other states met in San Francisco for the UN meeting on Intercontinental Body. The sole purpose of the session was to draft the United Nations Agreement (Sewell, 2015, p.79). In 1945, 26TH June, the UN agreement was signed by fifty-one nations, comprising Poland that did not attend the Conference however later signed. Shortly after the formation of the United Nation, other nations start to join (Sewell, 2015, p.79). After the approval of the United Nations Charter, the remaining fellows of the League of Nations met and solidly voted to relocate all of its assets to the UN and officially dissolved the League of Nations
Objectives of the United Nations
The main objective is to maintain global peace along with security
To develop social relationships among nations on the base of fairness along with the value of self-determination
To foster international cooperation to solve social, economic, humanitarian and cultural issues
Has UN achieved its Main Objectives?
The inhibition of a third World War has been realized for almost 70 years so far. However, that is an indefinite and open-ended aim that we can just hope will remain to be attained for 100 years (Keesstra et al.,2016, p.111).
Objectives such as eradicating or lessening illiteracy, disease, and poverty have not been realized yet, in specific the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that were aspiring as to be difficult within the limited timeframe provided for them. That is to say, development has been made toward them, also new aims to surpass them then promote further development are in the work.
To summarize, the United Nations has not realized its goals and UN still needs to do a lot of work to enable it to achieve its objectives
How UN-learn from its mistake
Ecuador’s President, ALFREDO PALACIO said that the present world direction was inhuman, inefficient, and unjust. A different world order must be founded on respect for growth, environment along with international law (Hurrelmann, 2017, p.80). To that point, the UN must be democratized and strengthened. The existing global economy must be changed to discourage relegation as well as the unbalanced type of opportunities, both among individuals and nations (Thakur, 2016, p421). He cited heavy burden that overseas debt place on emerging nations, and also said that middle-income states that were intensely in debt must organize their efforts to realize join pacts with creditors of the world.
Moreover, he continued to say that the International Community must similarly increase the level of ethics along with an intercontinental law to the highest level of respect for diversity also conservancy of all types of life (Hurrelmann, 2017, p.80). Ecuador was specifically concerned about the contentious spraying of glyphosate as an herbicide to eradicate prohibited crops on the border between Ecuador and Colombia.
Challenges facing UN
The world has dramatically changed since the UN was founded after WW11, however, the institution has not implemented to reflect the 21st century. Whereas the United Nations has had its share of achievement, its aging structure has struggled with contemporary threats like terrorist groups and Ebola which control huge areas of its member states. The United States members have been discussing reform for centuries, however, the agreement has proven difficult owing to opposing interests (Williams, and Boutellis, 2014, P.254)
Out-of-date structure
The same five nations; the winners of the WW11 have been the control players since 1945: The US, France, Britain, China, and Russia. These countries are the merely everlasting members of influential, fifteen seat Security Council. All have embargo power that has led to near-paralysis at the assembly on some key crises such as Ukraine and Syria (Trappe, 2015, p.20).
Detractors say the assembly simply does not signify the world nowadays. At its commencement, the United Nation had fifty-one nations. It now has one hundred and ninety-three, a lot of them demanding more power (Williams, and Boutellis, 2014, P.254). Every country is exemplified in the General Assembly, however, that organization can only pass on bidding solutions. Often stated as states deserving of eternal Security Council seats are Brazil, Nigeria, South Africa, India, Japan, and Germany. However, there is no an indication that the big 5 propose to relinquish any power or share the power with new members.
Cumbersome Organization
The United Nations has become an extensive system with fifteen independent organizations, eleven semi-independent programs along with funds, as well as several other bodies. There is no essential body to supervise them all (Keesstra et al.,2014, 111). Ban Ki-moon, the secretary-general presently can attempt to organize their actions however he has no power over a lot of them
Rising demands
The United Nations is nearly continually asking its members countries to support troops for its extensive peacekeeping mission, presently numbering sixteen. The number of peacemakers has increased to 130,000 compared to 11,000 at the finale of the Cold war, yet the system is under austere strain.
Erratic funding
Raising cash is a continuous issue with several disasters vying for the attention of the world. Several United Nations bodies and philanthropic actions are supported by charitable aids, and appeals are not getting sufficient aids.
Role of European Union and NATO
European Union and NATO cooperation to enlarge to new regions, comprising counter-terror, women, martial mobility, security and peace/ The NATO and European Union have agreed thirty-four new operations as part of the current execution of 2016 Joint Pronouncement (Jacoby,2006, p.75). These expand collaboration and similarly deepen cooperation to new problems, encompassing by addressing martial mobility, and to promote the role of women in peace along with security (Hill, and Vanhoonacker, 2017, p.246). The NATO and EU Assemblies sanctioned ongoing close as well as mutually supporting collaboration. Following the previous set of suggestions for collaboration assumed at the expiry of 2016, a novel and supplementary set was accepted to improve the appointment even more.
References
Conte, A. and Burchill, R., 2016. Defining civil and political rights: The jurisprudence of the United Nations Human Rights Committee. Routledge.
Diehl, P.F. and Frederking, B. eds., 2015. The politics of global governance: international organizations in an interdependent world. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Hill, C. and Vanhoonacker, S., 2017. International relations and the European Union. Oxford University
Hurrelmann, A., 2017. Empirical legitimation analysis in International Relations: how to learn from the insights–and avoid the mistakes–of research in EU studies. Contemporary Politics, 23(1), pp.63-80.
Jacoby, W., 2006. The enlargement of the European Union and NATO: ordering from the menu in Central Europe. Cambridge University Press.
Keesstra, S.D., Quinton, J.N., van der Putten, W.H., Bardgett, R.D. and Fresco, L.O., 2016. The significance of soils and soil science towards realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Soil, 2(2), p.111.
Keesstra, S.D., Quinton, J.N., van der Putten, W.H., Bardgett, R.D. and Fresco, L.O., 2016. The significance of soils and soil science towards realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Soil, 2(2), p.111.
Sewell, J.P., 2015. Functionalism and world politics: A study based on United Nations programs financing economic development. Princeton University Press.
Thakur, R., 2016. The United Nations, peace and security: from collective security to the responsibility to protect. Cambridge University Press.
Williams, P.D. and Boutellis, A., 2014. Partnership peacekeeping: challenges and opportunities in the United Nations–African Union Relationship. African Affairs, 113(451), pp.254-278.
