Research and Nursing Practice
Research usually indicates to "examine attentively" or to "seek again. As a result, nurses must determine important facts in nursing research. They must be able to interpret all research intelligence as well as research findings summaries in order to use evidence-based interventions such as guidelines in their practice. They will be able to promote and give a positive outcome for their patients and their family as a result of this. This research is required to create knowledge for nursing administration, education, roles, healthcare services, and the characteristics of nurses. Hence nursing research is described as the scientific process which refines and validates the existing knowledge and also generates the new insights that are indirectly and directly influences the healing practices. It is also the key to constructing the evidence-based practices for the profession of nursing.
Question One
At the rehabilitation facility, a nurse discovered an increase of the Urinary tract infection. He then heard about the new kind of Peri-care bath wipe. He decided to conduct a study to view if the new kind of the Peri-care wipes will be able to decrease the case of cystitis. In this study, one can identify an independent variable (which is are the once that usually represent the cause or inputs. Hence the possible reason for the variation) (Lobiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). A dependent variable (which represents the outcome or output whose the variation is studied. Hence in the study above, the independent variable is the increased urinary tract infection while the dependent variable is the Peri-care bath wipes.
External Variables
The external variable is referred as anything within the psychological experiments part from the dependent and independent variable. They usually act as a barrier and also introduces some error. It is because it affects the extents of the entire study variable or even the examination of the relationships. The external variable can also be viewed as any variable or factors that can easily cause an effect or possible effects other that the studied variable (Lobiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). Therefore some of the external variables in the study include:
Female anatomy
Other kinds of birth control
Sexual activities
Menopauses
Abnormalities of the urinary tract
Blockages of the urinary tract
Suppressed system of the immune
Catheter use
Current urinary procedure
Random Selection and Random Assignment
Random assignment is where each of given sample has been given an equal chance of being in the experiment or even control certain groups of the test. Random selection is where the sample groups are being selected by chance. Random selection is described as the way the sample members are being selected from the entire population for the inclusion within the study. Random assignment is described as the aspect of the experimental design, where the study participants are being assigned to the control or treatment using the random procedure (Lobiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). Random selection will use dome kind of the random sampling such as the random sampling while random assignment will take place by following participant selection for given study. Also, the benefit of random selection is that it is used for external validity so as to generalize the entire population. The random assignment is used in internal validity. The random assignment allows the researcher to make any causal claims about effects of the whole treatment. Other benefits of random selection include simple to use, it represents the entire population and also has definite conclusions. For the random assignment, it brings about differences between the control and experimental group through the experimental procedures.t also because the participant was given equal chance of them being placed within any of the group (Lobiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014).
Randomization is referred as the process in which the researchers assigns the participants by chance and not by choice to the control group or the investigational group hence reducing biases.In the study above, the nurses could ensure randomization by determining randomly the groups that are going to receive experimental treatments that are different (Lobiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). The nurses could use the computer program within the rehabilitation facility so as to assign each of the study participants to a given group and avoid biases.
Question Two
Parents are usually concerned about the safety of the vaccines used. Hence to obtain this kind of information the nurses went to the Agency for the Healthcare Research and the Quality which is the Evidence-based Practice Center of the Strategic Review protocols. It shows the safety of the vaccines that are used for the routine immunisation of the adults and the children safety. For the nurses to obtain the types of the studies that were used to develop the protocol, they received this information from the patients and individuals who have children who need to acquire the vaccine (Lobiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). This population assisted them developed the type of studies they required to come up with the protocols. The information can also be found on the KQs by searching the Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, EBM reviews.
After they have identified the potential inclusion, they then finalize the list of the studies that they will consider. They will then categorize the data regarding clinical characteristics, eligibility criteria, population, etc. to each of the KQ as they were outlined, and the data will then be analyzed for completeness and accuracy by the second member of the team (Lobiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014).
The strength of the evidence of each of the KQ will then be assessed by one particular researcher for each of the relevant outcomes. The researcher will determine the power of proof by using an approach that the Owen, et al. describes. This will ensure validity and consistency of evaluation (Lobiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). They will also assign the power of the evidence to the overall grade of insufficient, low, moderate or high according to the four-level scale.
Reference
Lobiondo-Wood, G., & Haber, J. (2014). Nursing Research: Methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice (8th ed.). Elsevier/Mosby: St. Louis, MO. ISBN: 978-0-323-10086-1
