Child Success and Factors Influencing Success
Child success is a significant issue in education that affects students, parents, and educators. However, only a small number of people are aware of the factors that influence success (Davis, 2015).
The Impact of Family Income on Child Achievement
In their essay titled "Impact of Family Income on Child Achievement," Gordon Dahl and Lance Lochner explore children's schooling in general. The main issue addressed throughout the essay is how a family's income affects a child's ability to study and academic success. Finally, the written proof, facts, and surveys illustrate how revenues affect a child's eventual academic success. The presentation in the article shows that the target audience is the families as well as the government. The authors focus on explaining the concept among different classes of families that focuses on child success. At the same time, the writers bring out the idea of earned income tax credit (EITC) which results from the government. Relationally, the article tries to convince families to evaluate their earnings capability in determining the child achievement. Besides, the government has a role in regulating the EITC to improve the family benefits that increase child accomplishment.
Arguments on the Article
Arguments on the article similarly prove that the authors utilize the past research on evaluating the relation between income and child triumph. The variable biases and measurement errors that appeared in the previous research are the basis of the article's analysis. Thus, the writing utilizes the fixed effect instrumental variables (FEIV) in conducting an analysis of the link between income and achievement. FEIV not only bases on the current research but also evaluates the weaknesses and strengths of the previous research. Thus, the article uses a section of the last analysis to draw the relevant conclusions on child strength. Similarly, the adequate description of the new terms such as EITC and FEIV enhances the readers' capability in understanding the whole argument.
Analysis of Authors' Arguments
Opinions of the article appear to be factual due to the presentation of relevant evidence. Income support programs have emerged as some of the relevant aspects in employment fields. In the same way, the authors base their analysis on the EITC that have influenced most incomes among employees. Besides, the arguments arise from deeply researched evidence rather than shallow conclusions. Estimation of the children's performance on reading and mathematics might demand a relatively small figure. However, the evaluation bases on matching over 6000 children to their mothers (Dahl & Lochner, 2005). The large number gives little allowance for the omission of variables as well as the calculation errors. The estimation strategy implemented in the research results in a conclusion that any increase in the family income has a corresponding rise in the child performance. The study confirms at least a 3.6% increase in reading scores and a 2.1% rise in mathematics scores calculated under standard deviation. Moreover, the results not only base on estimates but analysis and evidence clearly support the conclusion. Formulas and proper substitution of variables relate to the results. For example, in the calculation of the full family income, the insertion of the federal tax codes in the estimation of the EITC benefits arises. Other procedures such as the construction of the instrumental variables are equally stepwise. The process begins with the calculation of pretax then evaluation of the predicted post-tax and finally the application of the deviations operator (Dahl & Lochner, 2005). The structured opinions, therefore, help in confirming the facts behind the conclusion of the article.
Structure of the Article
The structure and the stepwise analysis on the material enhance fast understanding to the readers. The whole argument begins with an introduction on the high rates of child failure to great poverty among families. Afterward, the relevance of the income support programs such as EITC arises. Arguments from the previous research also help the target audience to distinguish the implications of the last analysis to the current research. Eventually, the reader can understand how the variable bias and mathematical errors no longer exist in the article. Application of the FEIV is similarly easy to comprehend due to the use of formulae and standardized procedures. The analysis starts with modeling the impacts of family outcomes followed by construction of the instrumental variables of EITC. Finally, the research uses the identification process to confirm the efficiency of the FEIV. Thus, the correlation of the constructed instrument occurs to determine the collinear nature of the presented data. Besides, the use of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) confirms the gravity of the research. The data makes it simple to compare the relationships between children and mothers hence determination of the impact of family income.
Significance of the Arguments
The variations, evidence, and the illustrations presented in the article efficiently suit the target audience. Household income is the primary concern hence the analysis of the EITC benefits and taxes are essential. Both the post-tax and post-transfer are crucial determinants of net income. Relationally, the article includes the two aspects in the calculation of full family income. The identification part of the FEIV similarly shows the nonlinear changes in the EITC. Thus, different families can understand the aspects that resulted in modification in the household incomes within the 1980s and the 1990s. In summary, all the evidence relates to household income hence stilted mode suits the major target audience, which is families. The language used throughout the article seems objective. Presentation of the previous research occurs in an unbiased manner where the authors focus only on the limits of the previous examinations. Throughout the analysis, the omission of variables and slight mathematical errors are the only weaknesses that the writers correct. Besides, the additional FEIV estimates' section widely focuses on the low incomes. In the section, the authors do not focus on the poverty levels of the related families but only evaluate the income levels (Dahl & Lochner, 2005). Therefore, the whole article limits the effects of biased language and illustrations to the related audience. The lack of charts does not justify the article to be a shallow research. Most of the arguments arise from the formulations used. The variety of data attained from the NLSY required an efficient manipulation method. Thus, the use of formulae to substitute data was an effective means of analysis. Besides, the methods help in presenting the theoretical arguments in a scientific manner.
Conclusion and Reflection
Gordon Dahl and Lance Lochner's article explains the relationship between family income and child performance. Therefore, the authors used data from more than 6000 children to evaluate the impact of revenue on reading and mathematics scores. Eventually, the proper substitution of the data to formulas gives the results correlating to the assumptions in the article. Besides, the use of FEIV strategy in the analysis of EITC is a better approach in determining the impacts of income on child accomplishment. The results showed that an increase in family income results in proportional increases in mathematics and reading scores. From an individual perspective, the article presents all the arguments in a structured manner hence the validity of the conclusion. Besides, the application of actual language increases the reading enthusiasm on the article contents. Additionally, the use of previous research helps the reader to understand the weaknesses and the strengths of different studies. The reading was, therefore, resourceful in understanding the link between family income and child education. The achievement of a child emerges from the teaching level, although the domestic background matters a lot. Thus, in line with the article's conclusion, an increase in domestic income enhances the level of child achievement in learning.
References
Dahl, G. B., & Lochner, L. (2005). The impact of family income on child achievement. (No. w11279). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Davis-Kean, Pamela E. “The influence of parent education and family income on child achievement: the direct role of parental expectations and the home environment.” Journal of family psychology 19.2: 294.
