The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2-RF)
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2-RF) is a standardized examination used to assess adult psychological profiles developed by Hathaway and McKinley of the University of Minnesota. Internalizing and externalizing psychopathology are involved in clinical testing, whereas positive, negative, and constraint emotionality are included in normal measures. The PSY-5 scales were developed in 1995 by Harkness, McNulty, and Ben-Porath to assess the many characteristics of personality disorders. Aggression, psychosis, restraint, neuroticism, and positive emotionality are among them. AGGR-r is a goal-oriented, instrumental aggression characterized by a desire for power and dominance. Anger and destructive behavior are high attributes. Suicide and depression are linked to low scores. PSY-r is characterized by interpersonal struggles associated with susceptibility and hostility. The high score traits include vulnerability that leads to psychosis like schizophrenia and low levels portray agreeableness and conscientiousness. DISC-r which is risk-taking and lack of order and high scores are associated with hypersexuality and obsessive disorders while lower is characterized by misplaced trust and overconfidence (Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2016). NEGE-r measures management of negative emotions like anxiety and worry. High scores on this are associated with paranoia and seclusion while low scale traits include emotional stability and calmness. INTR-r is a central dimension of social engagement and positive emotions. High scores are socially involved and outgoing while those of low scores are reserved and secretive.
Million Viewed Personality as a Psychological Immune System
Million viewed personality as a psychological immune system whose theories includes components of evolutionary progression. Pleasure-pain, measured regarding seeking comfort against personal preservation. For clinicians, those who score high on the enhancing scale are optimistic and outgoing while the opposite is pessimistic and unsettled. Active-passive assesses how persons are accepting of their surroundings (Archer & Smith, 2014). Passive individuals tend to be more accepting of their surroundings, unlike the activities that are always changing it. The candidates who score high on the modifying scale take control of their lives and play actively in managing changes. Others who score on the accommodating scale are contingent and acquiescent.
Self-Other Analyses
Self-other analyses the reproductive strategy of an individual. Millon believed that individuals tend either to be self-preserved or dedicated to nurturing others. Clinicians consider candidates who score high on nurturing scale to be protective and caring towards others and those leaning on individuality are egocentric and selfish on the extreme. The axes are centred on interpersonal skills and survival instincts.
The Facets Associated with Agreeableness
The facets associated with agreeableness are trust, straightforwardness, altruism, compliance, modesty, and tender-mindedness. Agreeableness is one of the five major facets of the personality structure. Those who score high on this scale are empathetic, and the opposite is selfish. Trust is as a result of one being secure enough to believe in others. Individuals scoring high on trust scale are benevolent while those scaling low are cynical and view others as threats. Straightforwardness is the quality of openness in the direct outlay of information. High on this scale are interactive and possess leadership qualities while those scoring lower are manipulative and self-absorbed. Altruism describes the act of caring about others more than oneself. Individual low on this scale tends to be self-perverted and cruel. Compliance is the reaction of a person to conflict. High scores on this are meek while those going low are vindictive. Modesty is a person's self-ideals (Marek, Ben-Porath, Ashton, & Heinberg, 2014). Modest people are humble while those scaling low are narcissistic. Tender-mindedness is the ability of a person to analyze a situation through emotion otherwise known as sympathy. Those in the high scale of this facet are sympathetic while the other low scale shows psychotism.
References
Archer, R. P., & Smith, S. R. (Eds.). (2014). Personality assessment. Routledge.
Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Tellegen, A. (2016). Part 7: A Test of Normal Personality (MPQ) and the MMPI-2-RF.
Marek, R. J., Ben‐Porath, Y. S., Ashton, K., & Heinberg, L. J. (2014). Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory‐2 restructured form (MMPI‐2‐RF) scale score differences in bariatric surgery candidates diagnosed with binge eating disorder versus BMI‐matched controls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(3), 315-319.
