Why TQM Fails

The customer-centered, service-oriented collection of approaches known as total quality management primarily focuses on quality improvement. Due to its incredible advantages, total quality management is a policy that many businesses around the world are adopting. As a result, many companies are using it instead of the conventional techniques. TQM is the utmost level of quality management which deals with the organization of theory in the various facets of firms which include the suppliers and also the customers. Despite the fact that there are many advantages with the application of TQM in various firms, it happens that the policy is also failing in the organizations It is important for the offices to apply the policy while producing their goods and services, though it is also significant to know that there are risks and reasons which can lead to the total failing. So, the analysis determines some possible reasons why the issue may not be successful in some firms.
The things that may make the plan unsuccessful include: poor management leadership: this is the inability of the top managers to motivate self-assurance and also hold up the managerial goals that are needed. There is also low employee participation whereby the workers are not involved in any decision making such that they feel not being part of the firm which makes them oppose most of the decisions that the management comes up with. The last one is poor customer service focus when the customer, who is the main determiner of quality, is not focused on the result.

Quality Management - Why TQM Fails
The business sectors are becoming competitive day by day. They tend to apply the Total Quality Management which has been proposed by many leaders to improve their performance. Globally there is intense competition and also diminishing barriers to trade which are making it harder for various firms to manage to uphold their share in the market. Rivalry from the various enterprises which operate in different regions has gone up due to advancement in information technology and also telecommunications which have wrecked down the common hindrances to trade. In any form of the competitive setting, each firm ought to convince a client to purchase its goods or services and not those of their rivals at the value which is higher than the cost applied in its fabrication (Abdullah, 2010).
TQM is basically is concerned with nurturing the civilization that is in most cases slants towards the increment of the satisfaction of the client (Dale, 2015). There is the increase of competitive global markets which necessitate that production ought not to be taken as just a gauge of competence but also as calculate of efficacy. Often, the difference amid is disregarded, for instance, the firm may be produced as per the requirements of the process specifications, and it signifies that the company is effectively using its resources and produces what the customers want. For any firm to be profitable, it is supposed to judge efficiency and also worth from the viewpoint of the client and not from that of an engineer.
It is important for the offices to focus on the Total Quality Management principles which have played a prominent role in the innovations and also the development of the practices of current management. Eminence is mainly taken as the primary tactical factor for any industry to achieve success. If the firm wants to enhance their competitive position and also improve their performances, either small or large, they can apply the principle of total quality management (Mehta, Verma, & Seth, 2013).
Total quality management is a customer based and service oriented body of methodologies which mainly focuses on quality improvement. It was primarily formulated in Japan where it afterward spread all over the world (Mehta, Verma, & Seth, 2013). Despite the fact that TQM mainly refer to the set of the practices which are customer based and are aimed at mainly quality and also endorsing the upgrading process; several theories have been formulated, and they are efficient to guide the TQM practices.
Notion of Total Quality Management
Total Quality Management is the uppermost level of quality organization which is attributed to the management of quality standard in the various facets of industries which include the suppliers and also the customers. TQM implies the involvement of the principles of eminence management to the aspects of the association which includes the clients, the suppliers, and their amalgamation with the main commerce processes. It is a loom which incorporates incessant development by each and everybody in the organization.
TQM involves the cooperation of anyone aiding the firm's processes and predetermines every stakeholder of the enterprise. Total Quality Management is mainly termed as the thinking which embraces the various actions through which expectations and requests of the clients, society, and also the aim of the institute are contented in the most proficient and also cost effectual manner (Jiménez-Jiménez, Martinez-Costa, Martínez-Lorente, & Rabeh, 2015).
TQM happens to e the viewpoint of the management which seeks to integrate all the managerial functions which includes; selling, design, production, engineering and also the services to the clients. All these viewpoints have their core agenda of meeting the requirements of the clients and the objectives of the organization. The main focus of the firm is the compilation process, and this proves that the firm must advance its system via the incorporation of knowledge and experience of its employees.
TQM is an approach which is mainly aimed at improving the competitiveness, flexibility and also the effectiveness of any firm. It is the means through which preparation of all firms' actions are made and it is composed of several measures such as the client focus, training of the employees, involvement of the workers, the top management commitment, benchmarking, quality auditing and also leadership. The above practices provide the effective and also efficient ways to improve quality within the organization and to help in achieving the set objective.
The Problem
TQM has erupted to be the global subject in the 21 century. It has its pedigree partially in Japan and in the USA. It was initially adopted in the firms in Japan in the decades after the end of Second World War. The companies from Japan happened to experience greater success during the 1980s. They made the other enterprises in the whole world have superior quality management formulation to stay competitive. As a result, TQM is an augmentation from the old way of carrying out the firm's operations (Goetsch & Davis, 2014). Moreover, it is the technique that has been proven to guarantee survival in the world class competition. TQM is the management philosophy focusing on people and the working process which present the major concern for creation of satisfaction to the clients and also improvement of the performance of the organization. It mainly involves the proper coordination of all the employment processes which allows the continuous development in the various trade units with an objective of surpassing the prospect of the customers. It mainly insists on the entirety of quality facets of the whole firm having the endeavor of tumbling waste and also re-works to reduce and also increase efficiency in production (Jiménez-Jiménez et al., 2015).
Adoption of Total Quality Management by many firms is hindered due to their non-cooperation with the measures and also the philosophy of execution of TQM. There are various firms which are trying to apply the TQM policy in their production policies and they anticipate that this policy will just derive success by itself. There are those offices which tend to use a weak approach where they apply just some bits and pieces of the main beliefs. This happens to be the reason as to why application of the TQM policy in these firms fails and they are not able to meet their objectives.
Despite that there are the advantages of its application; the initiative is failing in many organizations. There are offices which have tried to adopt the method of quality delivery, but all the applications have not barred any fruits to those firms. This is the reason as to why many researchers are putting more effort so as to find out the main reason as to why application of this principle remains challenging and also unachievable to many firms. It has been noted that while the application of TQM enhances quality and also increased productivity which is achived by improvement of the company's processes, those initiatives which are adopted may fail due to poor management skills. Low employee participation and also reduced focus on the customer which is well elaborated below.





Poor Management Leadership
Good leadership is the ability of the top workers to motivate self-assurance and also hold up those needed for the managerial goals to be achieved. It refers to the capability of the senior workers to institute practice and also direct a long-term vision for the organization where they are supposed to be driven by the customers' requirements which are always changing as contrasting to the control role of the management. Leadership can be exemplified by the clarity of visions, orientations that are long term, coaching the management style, employee empowerment, participative change and also planning and implementation of the organizational change. There are the various roles of the top management which can be identified as: coming up with employment of quality goals, establish quality policies, provision of resources, a stipulation of the problem-oriented preparation, and the encouragement of development. The crucial role of leadership is the creation of systems, values, and goals which steers the performance improvement pursuit which is continuous (Dale, 2015).
Management failure has been the main obstacle hindering the success of TQM implementation. There are various management styles which happen to inhibit the learning culture and also create barriers between the different departments seen in many firms. In those firms where real leadership is observed, the managers in the TQM view the organization as a plan and this is the reason as to why these leaders support the development of their employees. They also come up with clear messages aimed to the managers, employees and also the customers and they tend to apply the available data more effectively and efficiently. Additionally, managers are the one who encourages the participation of the employees in decision making, and they empower the employees. The commitment and participation of the top management in the practices of TQM happens to be the most important factors for the success of those one's practices.
Excessive layers of organization quite often have led to the replication of responsibilities and duties; this has made the subordinates to leave all the execution work to the management. Additionally, quality has not been adhered to as a combined liability of both the employees and the management. When the workers are attached to the notion that the organization is perfect and this makes it be always accurate in its decision, then they have been forced to take up those tangential roles in the enhancement of quality. As a result those workers who tend to be unswervingly concerned in the manufacture of merchandise or delivery of services tend not to be aggravated sufficient in that they can add in eminence issues that happen to be raised by the clients they happen to serve for they do not feel being part of the procedure of quality organization which happens to be continuous (Gimenez-Espin, Jiménez-Jiménez, & Martinez-Costa, 2013).
Being well acquitted with knowledge is positively related to performance and it is true that education enables the employees to acquire the information that is timely, reliable , consistent and also accurate. It is in only this way the firms will benefit from the TQM practices can be attained.. It includes both the proactive and preventive approaches to management that are of high quality of various products (Mehta, Verma, & Seth, 2013).
Low Employee Participation
Application of the TQM principle has failed in many organizations due to the fact that the firms are not fully involving their employees in the working process. It is true say that if any office want to create a positive working environment, then it has to focus on trust, high quality customers services, collaborative team work, efficient production, and the leadership methods have to clear. Total Quality Management guideline which is fundamental predetermines that all the employees ought to be empowered and involved (Mehta, Verma, & Seth, 2013).
The involvement of the workers means that an individual is portrayed as unique person and not cogs in machines, and every employee is incorporated in assisting the organization to meet its objectives. Every input of the employee is solicited and valued by their management (Mehta, Verma, & Seth, 2013). The management and the employees are acquainted with that every worker is involved in the management process of the firm.
Workers empowerment is the concept which means that the management and the employees realize that the various obstacles of attaining the objectives of the organization can be classified and solved by the workers (Gimenez-Espin, Jiménez-Jiménez, & Martinez-Costa, 2013). The empowerment of the workers implies that the management recognizes the particular aptitude, and it offers the employees the tackle and also power which is requisite to continuously perk up their act. The organizers state its prospect about the workers being able to recognize and also solve problems and empower them to do so (Gimenez-Espin, Jiménez-Jiménez, & Martinez-Costa, 2013).
The empowerment and inclusion of the employees is always a long term objective of the firms and cuurenlty it is the main method applied in businesses and it is also being applied in changing the organizational cultures. The workers, who have been educated, recognized, and empowered due to their results, analyze their work and firms in the diverse angle. Most of them will not stay idle and in a relaxed mood but they own the corporation in the manner that they feel personally accountable for it performance. The only means for obtaining a valid pledge from individuals is through involving them in the projects adopted since the beginning. Despite that the innovative ideas might not be theirs, the whole method of planning, scheming and assessing will pull these employees into the streams of effects (Jiménez-Jiménez, Martinez-Costa, Martínez-Lorente, & Rabeh, 2015).
There are several firms that have adopted the TQM policy and it has bored fruits unto them. There is the ADAC which happens to use a teamwork approach where the employees form groups of 4 to 25 people. These groups are mainly focused on helping the workers to participate in the highly empowered functions. This has significantly improved the returns for the firm (Gimenez-Espin, Jiménez-Jiménez, & Martinez-Costa, 2013). There is firms like the WCM which mainly includes their employees in all the decision making processes and they have devolved all the firms liabilities unto the employees; they also assume that every employee is gifted differently and has something to offer. Those workers who happen to be identified with this particular corporate personality happens to distinguish them as being part of it, and this profoundly facilitate those chances of getting company goals.
The above analysis shows some of the basic explanations as to why incorporation of the employees is a must, and if it is not applied then, application of TQM happens to be impossibility. Whenever the employees are not involved in decision making they tend to view the new policies that are being adopted as impediments to them and this make them oppose these changes. The employees also happen to have certain fear when anything new is being implemented without their knowledge, and this makes them try to oppose it. With all these forms of retaliations, then adoption of TQM in any firm which employees are not entirely involved automatically becomes impossibility (Dale, 2015).
Poor Customer Service Focus

Whenever the clients are satisfied with the products or the services offered to them, they tend to promptly pay their bill and this is beneficial to the firm for it improves its cash flow. The firm is capable of retaining the customers and attracts more. There are firms which do not examine their clients in a broad way; they confine the satisfaction of the customers narrowly by restricting the quality considerations to the product alone. They overlook those services that are connected to the product such as packaging, ability to meet deadline matters and also the accurate and timely shipping. Most of the customers tend to define quality regarding their overall experience with the firm (Goetsch & Davis, 2014).
Quality is mainly observed through the client satisfaction. It is the customer who determines its level. If the firm does not focus on the individual, then it means that the business might never know whether it offers the best for its clients. TQM will never be achieved in the firm which is focused on the issues that are not affecting the customers. If the company has to foster quality improvement; training of employees, upgrading of the software of the computer, buying new measuring tools, integration of quality into the design, the firm has to understand that it is the customer who will determine whether all the efforts are worthwhile.
It is important to support a proper development of the a stronger firm-customers' relationship which is possible through installation of proper communication channels where feedbacks from the customers can be received and through this creation of an effective production system to the firm will be possible which will be as per the requirements of the customers. If the clients are not considered, then the products produced may not meet the maximum utility as per the standards of the customers meaning that they will have to lose customers (Gimenez-Espin, Jiménez-Jiménez, & Martinez-Costa, 2013).
Many clients will tedn to associate with a firm as a result of its convenience unto him or her. There some firms which rarely focus on the customers' needs and as a result of this they lose most of the potential customers and also their reputation is tarnished. This makes the firm to make little profit thus increasing the rate of the employees' turnover. With all these disadvantages, then it means that the main objective as to why TQM was applied is not achieved.


Conclusion
Most of the companies that have applied TQM in their systems have been seen as successful because TQM focuses on the application of the quality principle to various facets of the firm including those of the suppliers and also the customers. There are many enterprises that have applied the principle in their system, but it has not worked. For those firms to succeed in its application, they have to focus on three things which include improvement of the management skills, allowing employee participation in decision making of the firm and also focusing on the customers. With these three factors addressed by the enterprise, then TQM adoption in them will be possible and will bear fruits.

References
Abdullah, A. (2010). Measuring TQM implementation: A case study of Malaysian SMEs. Measuring Business Excellence, 14(3), 3-15.
Dale, B. (2015). Total quality management. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Goetsch, D. L., & Davis, S. B. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Jiménez-Jiménez, D., Martinez-Costa, M., Martínez-Lorente, A. R., & Rabeh, H. A. D. (2015). Total quality management performance in multinational companies: A learning perspective. The TQM Journal, 27(3), 328-340.
Gimenez-Espin, J. A., Jiménez-Jiménez, D., & Martínez-Costa, M. (2013). Organizational culture for total quality management. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 24(5-6), 678-692.
Mehta, N., Verma, P., & Seth, N. (2014). Total quality management implementation in engineering education in India: an interpretive structural modelling approach. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 25(1-2), 124-140.