The Effect of Microbes on Daphnia magna under Acidic Conditions

The start of the industrial revolution in America brought with it brand-new difficulties that had never before existed. It signaled the beginning of a new era of industrial, economic, and medical sufficiency and the end of the nation's reliance on primitive systems. It stimulated greater achievement across the board and markedly raised the standard of living. Nevertheless, despite all of its advantages, it brought about hastened climate change in America. The delicate balance of nature has been disrupted by toxic wastes released into the atmosphere as fumes or liquid effluents, which has sparked an unreversible slide into a climate catastrophe. One phenomenon that occurred as a result of this problem is acid rain. Typically acid rain occurs when oxides of Sulphur or nitrogen are dissolved in the clouds resulting in acidic precipitation. Expectedly, the entire ecological chain is affected by the new changes in potential hydrogen concentration. Aquatic creatures often far worst affected by this event. They depend on the water for nearly all of their physiological processes. Increase in the acidity level often translates to pronounced changes in the structures, or functioning of these creatures. Some of these include disruptions in reproduction, skeletal formation, and growth. In extreme cases, the acidity results in higher mortality rates in these organisms.

According to Lee et al. (10), aquatic microorganisms play a critical role in the perpetuation of species. They are instrumental in the localizing nutrients through predation and decay and greatly influence inorganic nutrients concentration. They species consist of measly 1% of all existing species. As such, they are at a great risk of becoming extinct in the face of ever increasing pollution. One such specie is the Daphnia magna. The orgasm is commonly found in the Northeast region which comprise. It is a freshwater invertebrate that exhibits extensive sensitivity to changes in acidity in its ecological system. Incidentally, the Northeast region happens to be plagued by massive a serious acid rain problem, further complicating the organism’s chances of healthy development.



Two-Way analysis of variance factorial research design

Data

A research study evaluated the effect of three different acid rain compounds to two sets of Daphnia Magna organism. A control experiment was also performed to test for the reliability, validity, and disparity in the data The results are as shown below:



 

Compounds (x)

Experiments (y)

1

2

3



 

4.2

3.0

3.5

1

4.0

2.9

3.1

 

4.4

3.2

3.5



 

2.8

2.0

2.6

2

2.9

2.1

2.5

 

2.5

2.4

2.7





Sums of Rows and Columns

The initial part of the process produces a row-column sums table



Compounds (x)



Experiments (y)

1

2

3

Total (xi)



1

12.2

9.1

10.4

32.0

2

8.3

6.5

7.6

22.1



Total (xj)

20.6

15.8

17.6

54.0



ANOVA table

These findings generates the analysis of variance table



Cause

SS

df

MS

F

p-value



X

4.984

1

5.0139

100.31

0

Y

2. 201

2

1.0906

21.79

.0002

XY

0.1466

2

0.0672

1.35

.299

Error

0.5999

12

0.0499

 

 



Total (Corr)

7.8894

16











Problem Statement

This article investigates the effect microbes and acid rain in Daphnia magna. It seeks to develop insight on the degree to which the adverse whether condition influence the basis functioning of the organism. The invertebrate specie is studied in its original environment to provide in-depth knowledge on the level of disturbances. Descriptive research, a two factorial analysis of variance, and an A-B-A reversal research technique will be utilized in the completion of the study. It will be assumed that all recorded outlying factors apply uniformly across all members of the species. The study area will also be assumed to be representative of the average test conditions.

Hypothesis

This study hypothesizes that acid rain significantly adversely affects the Daphnia magna species. It theorizes that the high foreign chemical content is disruptive to the organism’s physiological processes. As such, its key functions and organs are fundamental alter resulting profound inability to lead a normal life. The study supposes the acidic rain is as a result of human activities and as such, is controllable.

Why the interaction is important

The interaction between the acidic compounds from the rain and the daphnia magna is exceedingly important as it offers a forum for understanding the destructive dimension of industrialization (Adam and Zofia 1). It provides insight into the unfortunate ultimate extinction of the species as a consequence of human activity. This interaction is critical in changing the attitude of human beings against engaging in commercial activities with grave environmental implications.

Why does the interaction occur?

It is suspected that the interaction between the Daphnia magna and acidic chemical compounds occurs mostly due to the inevitability of the event. Polluted air is dispensed from industrial complexes all across the Northeast region. These particles unavoidably diffuse into the overhead cloud cover. The populated clouds are moved about by prevailing winds eventually positioning them over lakes, water bodies and over land. Once precipitation occurs, the chemical laden water finds its way into the organism’s ecological system. The Daphnia magna is not structurally enable to survive in environment other than water. Hence, it cannot avert the fatal effects of the acidic water.

Circumstances in which the interaction would occur naturally

Ideally, rocks are vast compact salt deposits. While some rocks exhibit little to no dissolution, others are far less solid. Most sedimentary rocks dissolve to produces calcium, Sulphur, and other common chemical compounds. These elements dissolve in the water to produce weak acidic solutions thus changing the acidity of the water. Although this process results in the decrease of the water’s pH, it rarely results in large scale acidity as the change is often minimal. It may vary between 0.1 to 0.9 change in the potential hydrogen sale.













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