The Symptoms of Transient Ischemic Attack
The symptoms of transient ischemic attack, a condition, are similar to those of stroke. Clinical symptoms may include numbness, trouble swallowing, slurred speech, weakness on one side of the body, confused vision, and even mental disorientation. If the situation worsens, it can end up turning into a stroke on its own (Duca, et al., p.182).
Causes of Transient Ischemic Attack
The restricted amount of oxygen and glucose that is necessary for the body's regions known as the neurons, which process and transmit information from one area of the body to another, may be increased by a decrease in blood flow to our brain as a cause of the condition. Oxygen and glucose reduce by significant amounts for quite an extended period; it leads to our cells not functioning frequently thus causing breakdown of the neural cells that are most essential (Siket, et al., P.12). The death of these critical cells can occur as a result of oxygen reduction as a single cause or glucose reduction independently. Blood pressure may drop in the affected area, as blood pressure drops it may lead to formation of small dead tissues, in the cerebral artery areas (Higgins et al., p.1086).
Types and Effects of Transient Ischemic Attack
In many clinical types of scenery, this kind of attack affects some part of our brain as a result of blockage of one of one or many more arteries in our minds, both large and small ones. Also, it can result from a region where there are two or more arteries; where there is the multiple or single occurrence of clots that break up as they are moving through these areas. When there is a blockage resulting in failure of blood movement to the brain the cells that process information dies almost immediately. A person having this kind of attacks can experience loss of vision, numbness and weakness since our information processors cannot function normally. There is reduction in the amount of blood that flows to the area where cell death occurs as a result of arterial blockage.
Risks and Complications of Transient Ischemic Attack
In some cases, blood may tend to be leaking some distance from the affected area, it may not be enough for the brain to depend on for its survival. This area where a small amount of blood may be flowing is known as a risky area. The symptoms of this kind of attack may resolve within a very short time. Regions, where there is dead tissue, may result in a disease where there is excessive swelling as a result of fluid accumulating in those areas, may cause severe bleeding. This kind of extreme swelling due to a fluid formation may start in 24 hours or 4 days after the condition has begun. There can be an increase in size of the tissues that die over time leading to a rise in the pressure in our cranial region ( Li, et al., p.3065). This expansion causes too much of fluid that is known as the cerebral spinal fluid that is obstructive, as a death of tissues progresses as result of pressure on the nearby arteries or brain can squeeze into the compartments.
Bleeding and Complications of Transient Ischemic Attack
Regions of tissue death can also go through a bleeding change since it occurs in the dead tissue region, which has got fewer problems as compared to the case of edema formation, and this does not have any clinical significance (Moustafa, et al., p.1414). A Certain type of bleeding diseases an example is Frank bleeding illness, which is related to clinical fluctuation occurs to a significant number of patients in two weeks duration of the transient ischemic attack. Bleeding diseases, lack of proper blood pressure control and a mass of large dead tissues can lead to this type blood loss (Radak, et al., p.730).
Scientific Summary of Transient Ischemic Attack
Transient ischemic attack is a stroke kind of disease that manifests itself as stroke, however it lasts for a short period, and it does not cause permanent organ damage. The disorders can be a warning sign of a stroke attack. This kind of disease occurs due to deprived blood flow to some parts of the brain, thus resulting in the reduction in glucose and the most vital one oxygen that is regularly required by the neurons (Lodha, et al., p.243). If the decrease of the two essential elements becomes quite severe and occurs for a more extended period, it can hinder the normal cell activities and can result in apoptosis with the destruction of the neural cell membrane. The cell death can be caused either by only oxygen reduction or by glucose decrease alone. A drop in blood pressure may produce infarcts in the cerebral arteries (Kim, p.35).
Effects of Transient Ischemic Attack
More often this kind of ischemic attack affects some portion of our brain as a result of occlusion in a small or one of the large arteries. Though it can also develop in multiple arterial regions where there is a regular occurrence of single or multiple emboli that breaks as it is moving. When artery occlusion occurs resulting in deprived blood movement to the brain, the neurons that depend on the artery fail to function almost immediately. Patients experience vision loss, numbness and they become weak as the neurons cannot be able to perform their standard functions. Blood flow reduces in the area where is ischemia occurs as a result of arterial occlusion (Larasati, et al., p.23). An irreversible cell death may result in a short time in the neurons, which can be one or two hours if the flow of blood does not return to normal flow. Fur away from the area of ischemic attack there tends to be an improvement in blood flow however, it may not be adequate for survival. This area is usually viewed as a risky region of the brain and it is known as ischemic penumbra.
Complications and Hemorrhage in Transient Ischemic Attack
It has been a debatable issue for scholars, students and even educational institutions that the ischemic penumbra can likely lead to no stroke however as recanalization occurs it can result into small infarcts but there may no actual infarct (van Rooij, et, al,. p.436). Transient ischemic attacks symptoms subside within twenty four hours. The amount of infarcted tissue does not increase as time goes by but it changes during hospitalization thus can lead to edema or even hemorrhage. This type of edema can start as early as twenty-four hours or later in four days period after the onset of the condition. There can be an increase in the size of the infarction over time leading to a rise in intracranial pressure that causes hydrocephalus that is obstructive, as infarction progresses as result of pressure on the nearby arteries or brain herniation into the compartments (Elmariah, et, al., p.915). Those patients who have a younger age are likely to develop edema resulting from large infarcts. The regions of infarction can also go through a hemorrhagic change since it occurs in the infarcted area, which is has got fewer problems as compared to the case of edema formation, and this does not have any clinical significance.
Bleeding and Complications in Transient Ischemic Attack
A Certain type of hemorrhages such as the Frank, which is related with clinical fluctuation, dominates between a significant numbers of patients in two weeks duration of the transient ischemic attack. Bleeding conditions, inexperienced blood pressure control, and a mass of large infarcts can lead to this kind of hemorrhages. Young individuals are likely to develop edema resulting from large dead masses.
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