The effect of social network sites on adolescents' social and academic development: Current theories and controversies.

This article contains extensive information about the influence of social media on teenagers, especially those between the ages of 10 and 19. Furthermore, this source is more or less a literature review paper that objectively analyzes facets of adolescents' social and academic lives, as well as the relevant social media impacts. Scholars' postulates on related theoretical structures are illustrated. In addition, social capital, youth protection, well-being, psychology, anonymity, and educational capacities are discussed. Both longitudinal analysis and cross-sectional studies are critically analyzed.

Even though the author has presented adequate research evidence about the theories herein, his ability to vividly link his data to the question of social media is not diverse enough to cover a broad spectrum of social life across all age groups. Nevertheless, it remains to be an important article because it gives a full exposure on how social media affects the youths socially and academically.

Al-Menayes, J. J. (2015). Social Media Use, Engagement, and Addiction as Predictors of Academic Performance. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 7(4), 86. http://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v7n4p86

The author of this article centralized his study on the effects social media causes on academic performance, especially among the addicted personalities. The report outlines that time wasted on social media negatively affects performance, and somebody will have limited hours for study in every single day. The addiction resulted in poor performance in examinations as a negative predictor of the survey. This study was done in Kuwait.

Nevertheless, the data collected serves as an average and relevant representative of the global arena, as in the twenty-first century, the human society has been characterized with addiction to social media at almost 40 percent of the population. This article is very relevant to the study because it serves to interconnect all the information in other bibliographic data.

Ashurst, A. (2015). How to…manage staffs’ use of social media at work. Nursing and Residential Care, 17(7), (pp.416-416)

In this article, the author, Adrian Ashurst, creates a suspense and hence an anxious mood on the need to managing employees when it comes to the use of social media at the place of work, both on the personal internet and the institutions` social media platforms. He further elaborates of several imperative methodologies the management should engaging into professionally and conveniently managing the staffs from using social media while on duty. One of the clear opinion the author outlines is that there is a need for creating relevant rules and regulations to guide and govern the relevant stakeholders on the use of social media at work.

Even though this source is relevant to the topic of study and the author uses simple approaches to claim his simplicity and hence a wider audience reached, he almost limits all the climax he arrives at to the discipline of nursing exclusively.this source is suitable for the topic of discussion. the author cites a lot of scholarly content to support the arguments.

Asur, Sitaram, and Bernardo A. Huberman. “Predicting the Future with Social Media.” Arxiv preprint arXiv10035699 abs/1003.5 (2010): 492–499. Web.

This source stands out and towers above the rest in quality and uniqueness of its content. This is the only reference in this bibliography that focuses on the future of social media. The platform of Twitter is used as an example to examine the future of social media.The author argues that a keen monitoring of the tweets by followers, one could easily predict what follows next considering the history of similar scenarios on the same platform.

Therefore, social forecasting and discerning could be learned on socio-political and economic paradigm shifts. The weakness of this source is that it only considers tweeter, but not other related social platforms like Facebook, Linkedin or Youtube. The strength of this source is that it focuses on the future, hence the best element for a research-based analysis.

Bank, V. d. (2015). The impact of social media: advantages or disadvantages. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 4(2), 34-56.

In this text, the role of social media in decision-making, basic operations, and traveling of tourists has been centralized. The industry of tourism is significantly affected by social media as indicated. Therefore, the author stresses on the need to embrace social media so as to capture business opportunities and create a positive, competitive edge in the corporate sector.

This article alludes to related sources which have been written to emphasize on the same, and hence its relevance regarding validity. Nevertheless, the author notes critical challenges on the dissemination action of related data and intellectual property prudence while engaging social media in business. The article is an important bibliographic source based on the extensive and varied information the author discusses the topic in question. However, the challenge is that the author uses a sophisticated diction, which needs a keen examination by the reader to capture the key points.

Chun, Soon Ae, and Luis F. Luna Reyes. “Social Media in Government.” Government Information Quarterly 2012: 441–445. Web.

This article discusses the direct utilization of social media in politics and governmental administrations. The author systematically analyses the effect of social media, in particular on the presidency. The article engages a bipartisan approach, considering both the pros and cons of the application of social media in government leadership platforms. Finally, the report offers a different outline on how to keenly utilize social media without attracting any harm or reputational damage to the involved individuals.

This article discusses a sensitive issue which needs extensive research, which the author has done. Nevertheless, the voluminous information available is not convenient to be read in a single sitting. Hence many readers would opt not to engage this source lest they have enough time. Nevertheless, the source remains to be a suitable article because it is well researched and offers detailed information on a less researched topic in this regard.

Crews, C. R., Froeschle, J. G., & Li, J. (2013). Solution Focused Social Interest : A Targeted Approach to Treating Internet Addiction. Ideas and Research You Can Use: Retrieved from https://www.counseling.org/resources/library/vistas/2012_Vol_1_67-104/2_2012-ACA-PDFs/Article_84.pdf

This source analyses the effects of social media and their prevalence on enabling electronic devices like laptops, computers, and smartphones in the American households. As the author advances, he tends to paint a belief that video conveyed social media information is the most influential form of social media. Nevertheless, the article opens a new platform, by discussing the effects of addiction to social media videos and the needed remedies. The solutions could include other diverse approaches like guidance and counseling, unlike the conventional rehabilitation methods.

The source is very significant to the topic of study because the author emphasizes the need to address the issue from different platforms, of family, social, mental, and physical consequences. Nevertheless, the article is not detailed on every point the author discusses, hence the need for complementary sources to help the readers stay entirely informed. it is detailed article.

Dunlap, J., & Lowenthal, P. (2009). Tweeting the night away: Using Twitter to enhance social presence. Journal of Information Systems Education, 20(2)

This article was done as an experimental study to establish Twitter as the primary platform for teaching at an advanced level. Members of the faculty and their students were connected on a common platform and hence shared information pertinent to the course of study. The study revealed that tweeter could be used as an efficient platform to enable virtual communities study from online.

Unlike other bibliographic sources, this article takes an all independent logic of the argument, neither related to effects of social media nor its benefits, rather, the engagement of the media platform as an educative framework. Hence its relevance in broadening the definition and by extension the applicability of social media.

Griffiths, M. D. (2013). Social Networking Addiction : Emerging Themes and Issues, 4(5), 4–5. http://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000e118

This article exploits the upcoming elements of social networking and the virtual building of online communities through social networking sites. The author recognizes the high prevalence of making friends online. The article finally elaborates on the emotional, psychological, and mental effects of such virtual communities on the social media platform.

The article is relevant to the study and its reliability highly rated because the author has cited many scholarly references to support his arguments. Nevertheless, a challenge is that the article does not cover sensitive aspects of social media like addiction and related effects, or its high utilization in business for profits. However, it remains a relevant article to the topic of study.

Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (2016). Employee Use of Social Media for Private Affairs during Working Hours. Social Media, 5(3), 56-78.

This article gives related information to the use of social media during the working hours for personal gratifications. The author engages a research study approach, by creating a background of work structure, whereby employees can access an internet platform meant for official use but resort to engage it on their utilities. The main agenda of the study in the article was to find out whether managers in the affected organizations are comfortable not only with the use of the company`s network for personal purposes but also whether engaging social media in working hours was unacceptable. The researcher used both open-ended interviews and questionnaires to collect the data. After analysis, it was realized that many employees use social media platforms meant for their respective organizations` utility for personal communications within working hours, and their seniors are against the same.

This article is relevant to the topic of study and remains central to the question of social media abuse while on official duty. Nevertheless, the data collected and analysis done by the researcher to later arrive at his conclusion could be subject to bias, invalidity, or any other research errors whose confidence interval is beyond the lowest threshold, just like it happens in many studies, hence compromising the reliability of the report.

Hanna, Richard, Andrew Rohm, and Victoria L. Crittenden. “We’re All Connected: The Power of the Social Media Ecosystem.” Business Horizons 54.3 (2011): 265–273. Web.

The source describes the role of social media in the society. The author outlines that social media is a lucrative platform in communication, campaigns, and business. Nevertheless, the source challenges that despite the many beneficial outcomes of social media, many entities do not comprehend how to utilize the same.

Consequently, more risks and losses result than the anticipated benefits. This article is voluminous hence the need for enough time for an interested reader to keep reading before they get all the information. However, it is relevant to the topic of discussion hence its importance in this course. the source is relevant and helpful.

Haserot, P. W. (2012). Social Media Influences on Generational Behavior and Vice Versa. Accounting Web. Retrieved from http://www.accountingweb.com/practice/team/social-media-influences-on-generational-behavior-and-vice-versa

The author of this article applies a multifaced approach to demystify the phrase social media to the audience. The report notes that social media is far much more meaningful and influential than Linkedin, facebook, twitter, and other social platforms. He notes that social media is a complex, whose effect cuts across all generations, from the young to the old, the formal to the informal arena.

This article addresses the whole social media related factors in a single whole, touching on every significant aspect across generations. Nevertheless, because the discussion is more peripheral and partial, this source does not prove reliable as a sole source of information, rather, the readers need more scholarly exposure to accumulate substantial insight over the topic. However, it remains a lucrative article based on the subjects discussed therein.

Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 59—68.

In this article, the utilization of social media for the benefits in monetary value is discussed. Use of Facebook, Youtube, Twitter, and other platforms in communication has been the cornerstone of decision making and consultancy in the guest to making profits in business as explained in this article. The author proceeds to demystify on the meaning of social media in business, and how the entity differs from other related segments like user generated content. The source engages in detail the topics on virtual social worlds, online communities, and collaborative projects, and finally, ends with essential pieces of advice on how organizations should utilize social media profitably.

The shortcomings of this source are that it employs a multifaceted approach which needs more attention to understand. This article towers above most bibliographic data on social media, as it seeks to define in simple terms the meaning of the phrase social media. Furthermore, the author recognizes the need for detailed insight to efficiently utilize social media in business, hence its suitability.

Leonard, M. (2008). Social and Subcultural Capital Among Teenagers in Northern Ireland. Youth & Society, 40(2), (pp.224-244).

This source seeks to engage subcultural capital as an element that mirrors social capital frameworks in the livelihood of the young people, particularly those in the teenage age bracket. The article focuses on the argument that the adult social capital both directly and indirectly mirrors the social capital for the teenagers. The author repeatedly cites research evidence from the Northern Ireland Young Life and Times Survey (NIYLTS) of 2013 to reinforce the reliability of his hypothesis, and hence the significance of social capital among the teenagers.

This article is not very reliable on matter social media because it does not engage the utilization of the same directly one on one. A reader needs to be more critical to find reason in relating the two segments of social capital and social media. Nevertheless, the article is substantial because social capital entails the production of goods and services for the common good, hence the increased utilization of social media to enhance the same especially from the last two decades.

Mayfield, Antony. “What Is Social Media.” Networks 1.4 (2008): 36. Web.

This source outlines the general meaning of the phrase social media. Social media is explained as an avenue that renders the media irrelevant and rather welcomes everybody willing to participate on a joint platform to share with others the first-hand data. Voting, sharing, directly challenging, and diversity are common characteristics of social media.

The source is relevant because compares traditional and social media, whereby traditional media is one-way information transfer to a receiving audience whereas social media is a multifaceted avenue for relaying communication. Social media encourages social bonding and commonalities. This source does not entail many citations by the author hence the lack of detailed content. However, it serves as an eye-opener to demystify the meaning of social media.

Shaw, M., & Black, D. W. (2008). Internet addiction: Definition, assessment, epidemiology and clinical management. CNS Drugs. http://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200822050-00001

This source outlines voluminous information about the overuse and thence abuse of the internet, addiction and the clinical condition that comes about. The ailments mostly affect the central nervous system. The condition of distress and internet addiction has affected many people across the world, but incidences are higher in developed nations like America. The source by citing other articles indicates that the clinical conditions set on in the early 20s and 30s, to later become a threat to life after a decade or more years. Moodness, isolation, psychiatric comorbidity, neurological and psychological manifestations are common.

The article is relevant because it highlights to the readers that this problem could affect anybody using a computer, and therefore self-prohibition or cognitive behavioral approaches could be handy for the affected parties. Even though this source discusses the most sensitive data of the effects of social media addiction primarily, in the long run, it does not outline the etiology of the maladies alleged, hence the need for more research to justify the arguments therein.

Simsek, E. (2014). The Role of Internet Addiction and Social Media Membership on University Students ’ Psychological Capital. Contemporary Education Technology, 5(3), 239–256.

This article was critically focused on the effects of social media on Psychological Capital. The emotional nd cognitive stability of the university students was examined. Questionnaires were used for data collection at the University of Turkey. After analyzing relevant factors out of the data collected from 209 college students, it was realized that social media increased psychological capital. The situation gets worse with people who own youtube and twitter accounts.

This source outlines the effects of social media at advanced levels of education, with a primary target focused on university students, as opposed to the general population. Even though the author uses classified diction which could limit the ability of the audience's perception. It is thus relevant and detailed enough since it is narrowed down to a specific audience. hence the suitability of the reference.

Smith, Tom. “The Social Media Revolution.” International

Journal of Market Research 51.4 (2009): 559–561. Web.

This article outlines the sudden increase in the utilization and hence the likability of social media in the current decade. It is clear that Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin, Youtube among other sources are highly used by millions across the world. The author cautions stakeholders in educational, governmental, and in other related leadership positions to note and move with speed to counter the adverse effects of social media.

Unlike other sources which argue in a bipartisan approach, this article independently focuses on the need for recognizing that social media is not the best thing to celebrate in the twenty-first century. Therefore, this article is very relevant to this topic of study as it sensitizes the users and by extension the responsible stakeholders about the dangers of social media. The disadvantage of this article is that the author does not expound on the leading discussions, hence the need for more research.

























Works Cited

Ahn, J. (2011). The effect of social network sites on adolescents' social and academic development: Current theories and controversies. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 1435–1445.

Al-Menayes, J. J. (2015). Social Media Use, Engagement, and Addiction as Predictors of Academic Performance. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 7(4), 86. http://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v7n4p86

Ashurst, A. (2015). How to…manage staffs’ use of social media at work. Nursing and Residential Care, 17(7), (pp.416-416)

Asur, Sitaram, and Bernardo A. Huberman. “Predicting the Future with Social Media.” Arxiv preprint arXiv10035699 abs/1003.5 (2010): 492–499. Web.

Bank, V. d. (2015). The impact of social media: advantages or disadvantages. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 4(2), 34-56.

Chun, Soon Ae, and Luis F. Luna Reyes. “Social Media in Government.” Government Information Quarterly 2012: 441–445. Web.

Crews, C. R., Froeschle, J. G., & Li, J. (2013). Solution Focused Social Interest : A Targeted Approach to Treating Internet Addiction. Ideas and Research You Can Use: Retrieved from https://www.counseling.org/resources/library/vistas/2012_Vol_1_67-104/2_2012-ACA-PDFs/Article_84.pdf

Dunlap, J., & Lowenthal, P. (2009). Tweeting the night away: Using Twitter to enhance social presence. Journal of Information Systems Education, 20(2)

Griffiths, M. D. (2013). Social Networking Addiction : Emerging Themes and Issues, 4(5), 4–5. http://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000e118

Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (2016). Employee Use of Social Media for Private Affairs during Working Hours. Social Media, 5(3), 56-78.

Hanna, Richard, Andrew Rohm, and Victoria L. Crittenden. “We’re All Connected: The Power of the Social Media Ecosystem.” Business Horizons 54.3 (2011): 265–273. Web.

Haserot, P. W. (2012). Social Media Influences on Generational Behavior and Vice Versa. Accounting Web. Retrieved from http://www.accountingweb.com/practice/team/social-media influences-on-generational-behavior-and-vice-versa

Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 59—68.

Leonard, M. (2008). Social and Subcultural Capital Among Teenagers in Northern Ireland. Youth & Society, 40(2), (pp.224-244).

Mayfield, Antony. “What Is Social Media.” Networks 1.4 (2008): 36. Web.

Shaw, M., & Black, D. W. (2008). Internet addiction: Definition, assessment, epidemiology and clinical management. CNS Drugs. http://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200822050-00001

Simsek, E. (2014). The Role of Internet Addiction and Social Media Membership on University Students ’ Psychological Capital. Contemporary Education Technology, 5(3), 239–256. Smith, Tom. “The Social Media Revolution.” International Journal of Market Research 51.4 (2009): 559–561. Web.