The work explains the process followed in the construction of a building. The steps are discussed from the basement plan to the last step that shows the final structure obtained. The steps include; basement plan, ground floor, tower plan, elevation, and sections respectively.
Basement Plan
Artificial lighting is installed in all areas where there is no sufficient natural light and also to the inner rooms where the occupation is to be at night time. This is according to the clause F4.4 Lighting of BCA and AS/NZS 1680.0 Interior Lighting
The construction joints and spaces between and in building elements should be fire resistant. Insulation must be protected in such a way that it is similar to the tested prototype to achieve the desired FRL.
Lifts should be fitted with warning signs to avoid being used during a fire in accordance with clause E3.3 of the BCA. Stretcher facilities are provided within the lifts and having a minimum dimension of 2000mm long, 600mm wide and 140mm high.
Access for the disabled is situated within the building and according to the provisions in the clauses D3.1and D3.4. This should be done from the spaces designated for car parking for the people with disability. The facilities, features an services provided for the disabled are identified by signage according to the Clause D3.6 of the NCC.
Ground Floor
The ground floor activities start after the laying of the foundation. The concrete used is prepared on-site. This helps in saving preparing and delivering costs of the concrete. The concrete is the reinforced concrete columns, floors, walls, and staircase. The installation of the structures that adhere to monolithic reinforcement must follow the production rules.
Site Set Up
The activities include; the construction of temporary roads to access the construction site, laying off temporary services, construction of the site fence and preparation of temporary premises. The site is equipped with buildings which are temporary like warehouses for construction materials, sheds storage. The site for temporary buildings ensures surface water runoff.
Fencing
The construction site is guarded with protective fence according to GOST 23407-78. The sections of the fence are done using a coating of polymer blue. The section height is 2.0 and 2.7 high. A profiled blue sheet can also be used to accomplish swinging gates with a blue sheet and its width is 6.0 and height 2.6m.
Foundation
The necessary tools, machines, equipment, reinforcing steel and formwork elements are assembled to the site. Benchmarks and the building axis are put according to the act. The formwork is done around the foundation slab erected with concrete.
Formwork
The installation of the formwork starts with placing the corner points. Then the formwork elements are supported by struts. A special pump is used to concrete the slab. The concrete mix is then laid horizontally in a layer having 1.5 to 2 width and no gaps. The inner surface and foundation are covered with waterproofing layers which are gluey after the construction of the basement and insulated with mineral wool slabs. The foundation reinforced with monolithic concrete slab backfill is from coarse-grained sand. The contents of frozen lumps should not go behold 20%.
Tower Plan
Initial Design Considerations
This involves effectively locating the lifts, toilets, stairs, and distribution of services vertically. This is to ensure the stability of the building. For the storerooms, a higher loading of 3kN/m2 has imposed a load of roughly 5Nk/m if also imposed in the speculative offices allowing wider clients usage. For the raised floors, building services equipment and ceiling another load of 0.7 kN/m2 is allocated.
Number of Floors
The floor to floor height is done based on a floor to ceiling height. Shallow floor systems are used to achieve the right balance regardless of a higher cost per unit area. The reduced floor depth has the advantages in that there is reduced carbon operation through the reduction of heat through the envelope.
Stability System
Since this is a medium building, concrete cores are used. Possibly, in order to achieve lateral stability, continuous frame in which there is moment continuity between the columns can be used to limit the sway of the frame.
Choice of Grids
The structural grid is as a result of how regularly the columns are spaced. The beams are arranged in an orthogonal manner to give floor plates which are rectangular. The floor grids are influenced by the spacing in orthogonal directions. The directions are affected by the use of internal space such as the offices and the grassed area.
Elevation
Load-lifting Mechanisms
In the construction of the part above the ground, tower crane Liebner 180 EC-H10 whose boom length is 50m and a capacity of 100315 tons. The selection of then crane is based on the load capacity, radius and the height of hoisting.
The safety distance from the load being transported bottom to the highest structure in vertical is 0.5 m. The distance to the floors and there may be people is 2.3m and more.
Walls and Partitions the Lightweight
The tower crane is used to lift the concrete blocks, lightweight aggregate, and mortar on the outrigger platform. The mortar used is of the high mark for strong masonry. There is a quality masonry joint.
Ventilation should be considered. Hazards from the smoke shall be managed through the systems below:
Car park portions
In the car parking portions, there shall be provided a mechanical ventilation system following the AS 1668.2 of S/NZS. Fans fitted with metal blades which can operate at normal temperature can also be used.
Sections
Residential Portions
An alarm system for detecting smoke shall be installed as per AS3786 within each single occupancy unit. Also, the system should be provided in residential parts of the building to the public places.
Cover and Roofing
The steel decking which is galvanized and which is anti-corrosion of thickness ranging from 0.8 to 1mm and length 6 to 9m and width 0.7 to o.85 is used. The decking is enlarged on the horizontal stands. The distance between fixing points is from 500 to 600mm. on the decking top, the vapor barrier made of plastic is placed. Slabs for thermal insulation are fixed in such a way that there are no gaps between the slabs.
Work Cited
Reis, R., B. Simpson, and J. H. Doh. "A discussion on the development of wind engineering for the design of mining-related structures." (2017).
