Null Hypothesis (H0): Main Facts

The null hypothesis (H0) states that racial disparities in opinions on Bible prayers in public schools are insignificant.
Racial variations in perspectives on Bible prayers in public schools are considerable, according to the research hypothesis (H1).
Yes, there appears to be a racial divide in the viewpoints expressed on Bible prayers in public schools. 853 people were sampled in total.
The overall number of white people polled was 724/853, representing 84.88% of the total population sampled.
Total black population opinion count = 129/853, representing 15.12% of the total sampled population.
White population with approval opinion count = 325/853, accounting for 38.10% of the total sampled population. White population with disapproval opinion count = 399/853 representing 46.78% of the total population sampled.

Black population with approval opinion count = 42/853 representing 4.92% of the total population sampled.

Black population with disapproval opinion count = 87/853 representing 10.20% of the total population sampled.

Yes; the Chi-Square test statistic.

P-value=0.009 is less than the Significance level (1). Therefore reject the hypothesis that racial differences do not significantly count in opinion on Bible prayers in public schools.

84.88% of the white population participated in the study with 38.10% approving and 46.7 disapproving as compared to the 15.12% of the black population who participated in the survey with 4.92% approving and 10.20% disapproving.

There is a significant relationship between racial differences and opinion count on Bible prayer in public schools.

Response to Question 2

Null hypothesis (H0): There is a significant relationship between an individual’s social class and his/her future living standards.

Research hypothesis (H1): No relationship exists between an individual’s social class and his/her future living standards.

Independent variable: Individual’s social class

Dependent variable: Individual’ future living standards

The ordinal scale was used in measuring the two variables.

The lower class and the working class have a strong feeling that there is no relationship between individual’s social class and their future living standards. The middle-class individuals have a fair judgment on the opinion of the social class and their future living standards; they neither support nor disagree. However, the upper class has a strong feeling that there is a significant relationship between individual’s social class and their future living standards.

My conclusion is that the research hypothesis (H1) holds: No relationship exists between an individual’s social class and his/her future living standards. However, the H0 is also right as there is a weak positive correlation between social class and an individual's future living standards as 0.21 is close to zero that proves a divided decision of whether to agree or disagree with the hypothesis. An individual’s future status is dependent on many other factors other than the current social class.