The role of the endocrine system in puberty relates to the secretion and regulation of hormones that control growth and development during puberty.
Q 2
Imaginary Audience relates to the state of adolescents’ imagination and belief that other people are enthusiastically watching or listening to them. For example, adolescents or teens would repeatedly change their clothes to appear presentable to everyone around them. Personal Fable relates to a belief held by teens or adolescents that they are unique and special to the extent that none of life's challenges will affect them irrespective of their behavior. For example, adolescents believe that they will always realize their ambitions, while other people might not.
Q 3
Erikson’s crisis of Adolescence refers to the failure to attain ego identity during puberty or adolescence.
Q 4
a. Foreclosed: A teen in this status has not explored a broad range of options.
b. Diffuse: A teen in this status has no sense of making choices.
c. Moratorium: An adolescent in this status is in a crisis, exploring multiple commitments, and is willing to make choices, but is not yet committed himself or herself to make such decisions.
d. Achieved: A teen in this status has gone through an identity crisis and has already made commitment or obligation to a sense of identity.
Q 5
Ethnic identity refers to an individual’s sense of belonging to a given ethnic group. Bicultural identity refers to the condition or situation of being oneself regarding the mixture of two cultures. The two findings of the positive influence of a positive ethnic identity relate to better social interactions and improved self-esteem.
Q 6
High parental monitoring relates to increased parental watchfulness, awareness, and supervision of adolescent’s activities, while low parental monitoring related to reduced parental supervision, watchfulness and awareness of adolescent’s activities.
Q 7
The new model of Parent-adolescent conflict emphasizes communication.
Q 8
i. Moral behavior: Adolescence vary in morals around the world based on the ethics taught by parents to adolescents.
ii. Ego: Adolescence vary in ego depending on adolescents’ cultures.
iii. Age trends: The age of commencement of adolescence vary slightly in various parts of the world.
Q 9
The immigrant risk model asserts that youth immigrants have a lower level of well-being and are at risk for more problems. The immigrant paradox model assumes that recent immigrants usually outperform both established immigrants and non-immigrants on several activities, despite the many social challenges they face.
Q 10
The family support systems that are associated with delinquency include large family size and child-rearing methods. The various cognitive factors that are implicated in delinquency include lack of moral reasoning and low self-esteem.
Q 11
One of the common components of programs that are successful in reducing adolescent problems is that they are family-based. Successful programs also provide support to parents and sensitize adolescents on moral values.
