A Brief Overview of Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe, bordering the Russian Federation to the east and northeast. The country has a total area of 600,000 square kilometers and was the eighth-most populous in Europe in pre-war times. The population was approximately 41 million. Its capital, Kiev, is the largest city in Eastern Europe.Natural resources
Ukraine's natural resources include oil, gas, and coal. Its initial extractable resources are approximately eight 417 million tons and six 716 million m3. Of these, a substantial portion is located in large depths. In terms of volume, the average annual output of these hydrocarbons is four million tons and eighteen billion m3. The country has also significant reserves of rare earth minerals such as lithium and tantalum.Mineral deposits are an important source of raw materials for Ukraine's industrial sector. Some of the country's mineral deposits are of world-class quality and can be extracted at scale. These deposits include kaolin (about 18% of the world's volume), manganese, iron, and titan. Other minerals include hydrocarbons, refractory and heat-resistant clays, and precious stones. These deposits are abundant in certain areas of the country, including the Donets Basin.Politics
The ongoing conflict in the Donbas has exacerbated problems related to social protection. Many people living in the occupied territories have no access to social payments or services. Ukraine has a legal framework for combating discrimination, which is enshrined in its constitution and specific laws. The country is also a signatory to international anti-discrimination conventions. However, the country faces problems related to inequality. It ranks 45th in the Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index.The political culture of Ukraine is still not fully developed and its democratic institutions are fragile. Many political actors lack a basic understanding of democracy and its basic ideas. Moreover, there are many instances of corrupt and political bias within democratic institutions. Although the military, associations, and civic organizations operate within democratic norms, some of them prefer to use informal networks for their own agendas.Economy
Ukraine is located in Eastern Europe and is the second largest European country after Russia. It borders Russia to the east and northeast, and has a land area of about 600,000 square kilometres. Prior to World War II, Ukraine was the eighth most populous country in Europe, with a population of around 41 million.The government had to make many difficult decisions about how to rebuild its economy. It had to provide essential expenditures for the reconstruction process, as well as frameworks for competition and regulation. It also had to ensure the protection of the population. The state also had to rebuild its institutions and improve its services. This would require substantial financial resources, especially from abroad. However, it is also critical to enable the private sector to develop and prosper.Gender-based violence
Gender-based violence is an issue that requires long-term coordinated efforts by many stakeholders. Ukraine is making progress in this area, but much more needs to be done. Some key measures to improve the situation include strengthening the relationship between police and the community, recruiting more female police officers, and enacting international standards for domestic violence laws.The international community needs to support Ukraine's conflict-related SGBV response. This means supporting Ukraine's documentation and investigation strategy and helping to facilitate future reparations. Additionally, international donors must support the role of women in Ukrainian conflict-related SGBV. The UK's 2020 Prevention of Sexual Violence Initiative, in particular, is crucial in this regard.Crimean peninsula
The Crimean Peninsula in Ukraine is home to the Crimean Mountains, which are three parallel ranges. The mountains consist of limestone blocks, which are flat-topped and topped with thick forests. The Crimean Mountains are also home to several famous holiday and health resorts. The region's harbor, Sevastopol, is one of the best in the country and was once a Russian naval base.In recent weeks, international leaders have called for the immediate return of the Crimean peninsula to its former status. The United States and other countries have voiced their support for Ukraine's territorial integrity and sovereignty. Turkey, a close partner in EU and NATO, has also expressed its strong support for the Ukraine. This week, Dzhaparova briefed Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Cavusoglu on the Crimea Platform. She said that the Ukraine expected Turkey to join the initiative. She also stressed that Turkey would never recognize Russia's annexation attempt of Crimea.Donbas region
The Donbass is a historical, cultural, and economic region in eastern Ukraine. Parts of it are controlled by Russian separatist groups that fought in the Russo-Ukrainian War. These parts include the Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic.The Ukrainian government has stopped paying civil servants in the separatist-controlled enclaves. Most of the heavy industry has stopped operating and local schools have switched to the Russian national curriculum. However, Moscow has said that it does not finance separatist administrations.