Introduction
Many versions try to explain the creation of the universe. Among them is the Big Bang Theory, which different scholars and researchers concluded that it is the ultimate hypothesis that explains the beginning of the universe. In essence, it is the most widely accepted and popular model because it tries to explain the events during the creation of space, the process itself, and what will happen in the future. Thus, it explains the origin of all matter using physical laws to explain the large-scale structure of the Universe and accounts for its expansion.
The Basics of the Big Bang Theory
The basics of the Big Bang Theory suggest that around 14 billion years ago, all of the current and past matter in the Universe came into existence at the same time. The matter was compacted into a tiny ball that was infinitely dense and hot called Singularity. Suddenly, the subatomic ball expanded and exploded to create energy, matter, space and time. Three hundred thousand years later, the plasma of elementary cooled to around 3000K and atoms began to form as the electrons came into the orbit around protons and neutrons[1]. As a result of this process, the Universe was created.
Evident Reasons Supporting the Big Bang Theory
Undoubtedly, there are evident reasons for the scientific world to support the Big Bang Theory. Firstly, we are confident that nothing existed before the Big Bang; the universe had a beginning. Secondly, the galaxies appear to be drifting away from us at speeds that are proportional to the distance. This hypothesis is called the "Hubble's Law," which was discovered by Edwin Hubble in 1929 and supports the expansion of the universe; thus, suggests that the Universe was once compacted. Thirdly, the discoveries of the remnant heat by Radioastronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson support the claim that "if the Universe was initially very hot, we should be able to find some remnant of this heat." They found 2.725 degrees Kelvin of Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, which is thought to be the heat that prevailed during the creation and extension of the universe. Finally, the presence of chemical substances such as Hydrogen and Helium support the idea of the Big Bang Theory.
Other Theories Explaining the Creation of the Universe
Apart from the Big Bang Theory, other theories try to explain how the Universe came into being. Firstly, the Steady State Theory that suggests a "Perfect Cosmological Principle" and assumes a homogeneous Universe; it is the same at all places and directions. The hypothesis states that the continuous expansion of the Universe maintains the density and creation of matter to form new stars and galaxies. The problem with this theory is that there would be an infinite universe because of continuous expansion and creation of the universe. Moreover, researchers and scientists since 1960s used the testable quantitative models to advance their observable campaigns. From their studies, they found evidence that indicates that the Steady State Theory is incorrect.
The second model is the Oscillating Universe Theory. It states that the creation of the Universe involves a series of unending Big Bangs that are followed by cyclic and endless Big Crunches. In essence, it is a cosmological model that combines the Big Bang and the Big Crunch Theory in a cyclical event[2]. The problem with this alternative theory is that it claims that our universe came from a previous universe, which also originated from another. This cyclical process raises various concerns such as how the universe was first created and how the cycle began. Moreover, other factors limit the observation of the creation of a universe due to the collapse of another. According to the problems, there is not enough matter in the universe to create another one, the remaining energy would not be enough to sustain the process, and the creation would be against the law of thermodynamics.
Thirdly, the Eternal Inflation or Level II Multiverse Theory which states that after the Big Bang, there was a period of inflation, whereby the earth expanded rapidly. As a result of cosmic inflation, there was the creation of multiple universes. Furthermore, this process never stopped and had been going on for an infinite length of time[3]. The problem with this model is that no observation or experiment can determine if it is correct or not. A theory has to produce actual predictions that can be tested experimentally; therefore, the Eternal Inflation model is unfalsifiable. Other theories include the flat hologram and digital simulation, which suggests that because time is an illusion, the universe is a consciousness hologram or simulation. The implications found in quantum gravity and string theory claim that the universe is nothing like how human observers see it. Thus, the reality is a projection of illusions.
Conclusion
In conclusion, many theories try to explain the origin of the universe. However, the Big Bang Theory is the most acceptable and popular model among scientists, astronomers, and cosmologists. Unlike the Steady State Theory, the Oscillating Universe Theory, Eternal Inflation, and the flat hologram and digital simulation hypothesis, the Big Bang model explains how the Universe was created, how it came to be, and how it will be in future. Moreover, it relies on laws of Physics, matter, and accounts for a broad range of other phenomena. Therefore, the Big Bang is the most logical explanation of the origin of the universe.
Bibliography
Zhang, Kaituo, Puxun Wu, and Hongwei Yu. "Oscillating universe in massive gravity." Physical Review D Vol. 87, Issue 6 (2013): 063513.
Trefil, James S. The moment of creation: Big Bang physics from before the first millisecond to the present universe: Courier Corporation, 2013.
Ellis, George FR. "Does the multiverse really exist?" Scientific American Vol. 305, Issue 2 (2011): 38-43.
[1]
Trefil, James S. The moment of creation: Big Bang physics from before the first millisecond to the present universe ( Courier Corporation, 2013), 8.
[2]
Zhang, Kaituo, Puxun Wu, and Hongwei Yu. "Oscillating universe in massive gravity." Physical Review D Vol. 87, Issue 6 (2013): 063513.
[3]
Ellis, George FR. "Does the multiverse really exist?" Scientific American Vol. 305, Issue 2 (2011): 38-43.
