Motivation in a workplace plays a crucial purpose in determining the output of the employees in this paper, and I will discuss the motivation of Residence Assistants. According to the theory of self-determination, motivation can be an internal psychological component where a people motivate themselves without the influence of external forces. Therefore, motivation can consequently be a psychosomatic initiative where the person involved psychologically his or her ways of inspiring themselves thereby helping them to work in an organization effectually. Moreover, the theory of intrinsic motivation is the inner feeling that aids a person to keep working within an organization. In this paper, self-motivation theory and the theory of motivation in question will be applied to determine the inspiration of Residence assistance students thereby determining ways of motivating them, therefore, preventing them from quitting the job and also encourage more people to apply for the job. The research problem is to solve the problem of lack of motivation among the residence assistants' students who play an essential role in following up the incidences of the students. According to the report, there has been a reduced number of applicants in the job therefore clearly showing that there is no motivation and the performance of the Residence Assistants is thus expected to go down. Additionally, there are cases of the talented and dedicated Residence Assistants quitting the job after eight months. The paper will also contain literature review and intrinsic motivation and psychological needs and self-determination.
Introduction
Motivation plays an essential role in ensuring that people in a working environment can adequately perform their duties diligently, hence, warranting an excellent performance (Goldman, Goodboy " Weber, 2016). Moreover, motivation can either be organizational motivation where the organization involved motivates the employees, therefore, ensuring they perform better in their activities. Motivation thus plays a significant role in making certain that there is efficient performance within an organization. According to the theory of self-determination, motivation can be an internal psychological component where a people motivate themselves without the influence of external forces. Moreover, the concept of intrinsic motivation is the inner feeling that helps a person to keep working within an organization. They are supposed to be on call up to 7 am which should happen atheist once in a week. According to the university, they are supposed to oversee all the activities within the university which include addressing the complaints of the students who have some issues at stake (Miller, Deci " Ryan, 2011). Additionally, they are supposed to organize events for the students which plays a crucial role in the university which ensures that there is inclusiveness in the university.
The research problem
The research problem is to solve the problem of lack of motivation among the residence assistants' students who play an indispensable role in following up the incidences of the students. According to the report, there has been a reduced number of applicants in the job therefore clearly showing that there is no motivation and the performance of the Residence Assistants is consequently expected to go down (Othman " Leng, 2011). Additionally, there are cases of the talented and dedicated Residence Assistants quitting the job after eight months. This act of quitting happens in spite of the fact that they are aware that there is an increase in their salary. It clearly shows that the Residence Assistants are not motivated.
Literature review
Discussions about the theory of motivation has occurred for a long time. According to Robert White, the idea of motivation applies when there is a reduction in motivation in human beings. In his research, Robert white discussed the theory of motivation based on the reduction model which therefore resulting in needing motivation in human beings (White, 1959).X From his study, he concluded that is from the psychological behavior of human beings, he observed that the motivation desire exists in a person. Therefore, this motivation behavior receives stimulation from the drive reduction models. These motivational drives, therefore, are as a result of stimulation and the need to change a situation in human beings. He then observed that motivation also comes as a result of competence. The feeling of aptitude in the environment or any other factor contributing to self-competence result in motivation (Dysvik, Kuvaas " Gagné, 2013). Additionally, according to Richard Ryan, the cognitive approaches determine the character of human beings. It means that self-development is as a result of continued personal development. Furthermore, he observed that psychological development plays an essential role in determining the motivation character of an individual. Additionally, the human nature and social context also contribute to the psychosomatic development of an individual (White, 1959). Moreover, according to Richard Ryan, the people who are active are more likely to motivate themselves more than the people who are not very lively. Accordingly, it means that motivation is a self-driven process which is driven by inner desire to achieve a particular objective. Hence, it implies that psychological growth and personality integration is thus not something that is expected to grow automatically, it is, therefore, something that is naturally defined and is different in different people. It is something that develops over time depending on with the personality of an individual. In his study, therefore, Richard Ryan concluded that the components of self-determination include the cognitive evolution theory organismic theory and casualty orientation theory. Therefore, psychological needs and internal desire to achieve something in life ominously contribute to motivation in human beings (Vansteenkiste, Lens " Deci, 2006). Additionally, other sources explain that cognitive evolution theory is as a result of personal satisfaction and the desire to have personal development. As shown in young children, their motivation to play develops in a significant way through the desire to become perfect and to satisfy the longing to play. It explains that motivation is an internal drive to promote personal yearning to achieve certain things. Moreover, the theory of inner needs and self-determination tries to explain the relationship between the psychological needs and motivational development. It implies that achievement of the psychological needs results to motivation. It elucidates the nature of human beings with regard to personal accomplishment. People feel motivated when they achieve their psychological needs (Murayama, Matsumoto, Izuma, " Matsumoto, 2010). The same case applies to our research study. Residence Assistants lacked motivation due to lack of internal drive to achieve the desired results. Additionally, the lack of psychological needs to achieve in the process resulted in the absence of motivation.
The intrinsic motivation theory
The description of the essential motivational principle is the internal feeling that develops within an individual with a desire to achieve certain things in life. Therefore, it means that any external factor does not influence the fundamental behavior (Martens, R., " Kirschner, P. A. 2004). Thus, there are no rewards from outside and motivation, therefore, is the reward in this case. An example is that of a child in school; basic motivational behavior develops after the desire to learn about something in a school. The child, therefore, works hard to achieve this requires objectives ("Intrinsic Motivation," 2018). The same case, people are motivated by their desire to attain certain things in life. Hence, it helps in developing the behavior of an individual. According to Ryan model of motivation. He concluded that what causes motivation in human beings is not necessarily what the environment shows but rather the individual perception and desire. The cognitive evolution theory explains the relationship between motivation and self-cognition. According to this theory, perception control correlates with the intrinsic motivation this means that perception of different individuals plays a vital role in determining the motivation of an individual (Martens, " Kirschner, 2004). This correlation is because perception varies in different individuals. Therefore, dissimilar people perceive things differently due to many factors including the background history of a person and also the environment. Consequently, the intrinsic motivation is highly dependent on the perception of an individual.
Additionally, perceived competencies also have a relationship with the intrinsic motivation. It shows that different people believe in their capabilities. How a person believes in his competence determines his approach to a specific problem ("selfdeterminationtheory.org – Domains – Intrinsic Motivation," 2018). It depicts that a person who is competence has confidence in himself about the outcomes of a particular event. Further, it implies that that person will be more motivated than the person who is not competent. Moreover, the sense of relatedness also has a significant influence on intrinsic motivation. Relatedness, therefore, has a positive impact on the core behavior of an individual. (Martens, " Kirschner, 2004). In this paper, self-motivation theory and inherent theory of motivation will be applied to determine the inspiration of Residence assistance students thereby determining ways of motivating them, therefore, preventing them from quitting the job and also encourage more people to apply for the job. The residence assistant who is students living and working within the university premises are supposed to work in the university from 7 pm to 12 am, or sometimes 2 am. Additionally. They are supposed to be on call up to 7 am which should happen atheist once in a week. According to the university, they are supposed to oversee all the activities within the university which include addressing the complaints of the students who have some issues at stake (Di Domenico " Ryan, 2017). Additionally, they are supposed to organize events for the students which is a critical component of the university which ensures that there is inclusiveness in the university. Moreover, at the start of the program, they are supposed to attend a training session which takes ten days which amount to twelve hours in a day. However, there are a total sixteen hours which the RAs are supposed to attend without payments. According to the outcomes, the number of people applying for this occupation has recently decreased in the recent years, therefore, resulting in fewer people interested in the job. The reason behind the reduced number of applications is due to lack of motivation, thus, the need to motivate the employees to ensure that they or efficiently and also encourage more submission. The intention of the research, therefore, is to warrant that the motivation of the residence assistance which will guarantee more retained students in the job, and also the school reduces the expenses of training recruits. Therefore, maintaining the previous employees will be a significant achievement for the company (Gardner " Lally, 2012). It implies that the increase in the salaries not the solution to the motivation of the employees.
Psychological needs and self-determination
The theory of psychosomatic want and self-determination have been used for a long time to show the reasons behind motivation in many people. Edward Deci and Richard Ryan developed the theory in an attempt to explain the relationship between psychological need and self-determination in a bid to explain the relationship between the two. According to them, psychological wants play an important role in determining the behavior of a person and eventually motivation of a person. According to Edward and Richard (1995), there are three categories of needs which control the motivation of an individual. These needs include the need for competent (Edward " Richard, 1995). The psychological need to feel competent involves having the requirements in a particular field. It indicates that a person has a feeling that he or she has what it takes to carry out a particular task or achieve a specific objective. Therefore, competent play an essential role in determining the level of motivation in individuals. It indicates that people who perceive themselves to be more proficient are likely to be more motivated than the once who are less proficient. Additionally, another aspect involves the need to feel autonomous. It encompasses the feeling that a person can be able to govern himself or herself efficiently without really depending on another person. By doing so, the person gains the confidence to perform the given task, therefore, becoming motivated. It infers that motivation is highly related to the aspect of autonomous (Edward " Richard, 1995). Moreover, psychological needs act as a motivating force which helps the individuals to keep working to achieve the set goals and objectives. An individual feels motivated the moment the person fully attains the set objectives. Thus, the psychological needs are highly determinants of motivation in human beings. It is therefore key to have psychological needs to promote motivation among the individuals. Additionally, there is an integration process of the inner needs which involves. This process involves intrinsic motivation and also the internalization (Edward " Richard, 1995).
Additionally, emotional integration is also involved in the integration process of psychological needs. Intrinsic motivation application in psychological needs as stated earlier involves the motivational theory refers to the internal feeling that develops within an individual with a desire to achieve certain things in life. It, therefore, means that no external factor influences the central behavior. It, thus, shows that intrinsic motivation is related to the desire for fulfillment of psychological needs. The internalization involves the process of interpretation of information or an idea (Murayama, Matsumoto, Izuma, " Matsumoto, 2010). In psychological needs integration, this means that people first understand the inner needs first then coming up with the best method of how to get them. It, therefore, explains the integration process for the psychosomatic needs. Additionally, emotional integration also plays a significant role in determining the combination of inner needs. Hence, it involves the use of emotive desire to drive an individual towards a specific set goal is for realization (Edward " Richard, 1995). Therefore, people use the different emotional drive to ensure that they accomplish their physiological needs, consequently, resulting in motivation.
The application of psychological needs and self-determination in this paper, self-motivation is meant to determine the motivation of Residence assistance students henceforth coming up with ways of motivating them this will prevent them from quitting the job a case that has been happening according to the situation and also encourage more people to apply for the job. It is worth noting that according to the circumstance, few students have been requesting for the appointment therefore clearly showing that majority of them are less motivated in taking duties and responsibilities involved in the work (Eun-Young Kim, 2012). According to the information on the case, the resident assistant who is students living and working within the university premises are supposed to work in the university from seven pm to twelve am, or sometimes two am. Considerations can be made for the working hours to be fair working hours for the students, which thwarts the speculations of overworking circumstances. Additionally, it should happen at least once in a week which clearly shows that the working hours are fair for the students. Moreover, according to the university, the students in charge are supposed to oversee all the activities within the university which include addressing the complaints of the students who have some pressing issues. These are relatively simple tasks which can demotivate the students. It, therefore, means that the students lack motivation which is a vital requirement for this job. Also, they are supposed to organize events for the students which is an essential component of the university which ensures that there is inclusiveness in the university. In addition to that, at the start of the program, they are supposed to attend a training session which takes ten days which amount to twelve hours in a day. However, there are a total sixteen hours which the RAs are supposed to attend without payments. According to the outcomes, the number of people applying for this job has recently decreased in the recent years, therefore, resulting in fewer people interested in the employment. It depicts how these students lack the motivation to help them work commendably, thus, achieve the set objectives.
Moreover, the reason behind the reduced number of applications is due to lack of motivation, therefore, the need to motivate the employees to ensure that they work correctly and also encourage more request. Accordingly, the concept of inner need and self-determination can be functional in this research to illustrate how motivating the residence assistance is critical. Further, it ensures that more students retain their jobs, and also the school reduces the expenses of training recruits, (Deci, " Ryan, 2000). It is worth noting that keeping the previous employees will be a critical achievement to the school administration. Notably, the increase in the salaries is not the solution to the motivation of the employees and the retention of the students into the job.
References
Edward Deci, Richard Ryan, (1995). Psychological need and facilitation of integrative process.
RW White, (1959) Motivation reconsidered. The concept of competence
Martens, R., " Kirschner, P. A. (2004). Prediction of Intrinsic Motivation: Association for educational communications and technology.
Murayama, K., Matsumoto, M., Izuma, K., " Matsumoto, K. (2010). Neural basis of the undermining effect of monetary reward on intrinsic motivation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(49), 20911-20916.
Intrinsic Motivation. (2018). Msu.edu. Retrieved 30 April 2018, from https://msu.edu/~dwong/StudentWorkArchive/CEP900F01-RIP/Webber-IntrinsicMotivation.htm
selfdeterminationtheory.org – Domains – Intrinsic Motivation. (2018). Selfdeterminationtheory.org. Retrieved 30 April 2018, from http://selfdeterminationtheory.org/domains/intrinsic-motivation/
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