Causes of the Protestant Reformation
As a leader of the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther King exposed the hypocrisy of the Catholic Church in a number of writings. First, there were misunderstandings within the Catholic church, most of which contributed to an increase in abuses as a result of problems like selling church positions or associated church jobs, which is against Christian principles. Nepotism and other corrupt practices that surfaced in the church were other problems that led to the protestant revolution. The popes did nothing to aid the less fortunate in society and instead used the church to enrich themselves. According to Martin Luther's 95 theses, and Theses 27, he says that it is mere human talk to preach the soul flies out immediately the money clinks in the collection box and in theses 45, he states that he that seeing a person that is needy and passing them by and not offered any money pardon to them will win the wrath of God which was exactly what the Popes were doing by neglecting the needs of the poor in the society (Luther 21). Another cause that fostered Protestant reformation included the wealth of the church which was mismanaged. The leadership organization of the Church was also disorganized such that the Popes and the Bishops lived like princes and forgot about their duties. The influence of the ideas of the Renaissance and the printing press also steered the reformation. The reformation led to many European churches' turning into Protestantism and was steered by Martin Luther King. The catholic Counter Reformation was caused by the effort to stop the spread of Protestantism where reforms such as new religious orders being placed and leaders living in areas where they oversee were placed so as to bring people back. Loyola countered the catholic reformation by starting a religious group that would stop spread of Protestantism and promoted education and worked top-down counselling kings and princes concerning the reformation (McManamon 160).
Scientific revolution and how it reshaped thinking on Universe
Galileo changed the historical view of science: He was one of the major figures that established the scientific revolution in the 17th century in Europe. He played the major role of promoting the Copernican theory and discussed the nature of matter. he dethrones the Aristotelian categorization of elements as one celestial and 4 terrestrial elements which are fire, air, water and earth and their differential directional nature of motion which he categorized as circular, upward or downward. He describes the properties and the mater motions in terms of mathematical equilibria of the proportional relations and as a result changed the way normal and acceptable way of thinking about matter and its motion. In the process he introduced the mechanical tradition that modernized science. Galileo in his mathematical model shows that mathematics was a language in which God had written the universe (Shapin 208). He also changes the way of people think and understand science and nature and states that it is almost impossible to teach man anything and the only way he can be taught about science and nature is by helping him find it himself since doubt was the father of invention. Lady Mary Wortley similarly promotes scientific revolution when after her recovery from small pox she observed the European approach to disease prevention which impresses her and she convinces the English medical professor to support the disease prevention (Kate 90). Her step was one that made a way for safe vaccine and finally led to total eradication of the Small pox. The revolution by both Galileo and Lady Mary introduced modernism in science. The previous way of thinking of science was such that there was no prevention for disease and the only room created was for treatment and in Galileo's case, there were no mathematical models to proof nature and there was no philosophical understanding of science.
Works Cited
Kelly, Kate. The Scientific Revolution and Medicine. New York: Infobase Pub, 2010. Internet resource.
Luther, Martin. Martin Luther's 95 Theses. Wittenberg: Max Senf, 1912. Print.
McManamon, John M. The Text and Contexts of Ignatius Loyola's Autobiography. New York: Fordham University Press, 2013. Print.
Shapin, Steven. The Scientific Revolution. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1996. Internet resource.
