Some of the procedures learned by people consist of primarily overt behaviors. Other procedures, on the other hand, have high mental significance and examples include writing essays, solving mathematical equations (Ormrod, 2016). Most procedures, however, involve a mixture of physical behaviors and mental activities. Procedural acquisition of knowledge ranges from simple actions such as holding a pen using varied tools. The acquisition also involves more complex skills such as which take multiple sessions to learn. The complex procedures are eventually acquired slowly over time
Internal organization
New information stored and remembered more effectively when multiple pieces are interconnected in a similar manner, that is to say when new information is characterized by the internal organization. In organizing different types of punishments and reinforcements, people seem to be having the habit of organizing and integrating the information they receive on the basis of organizational schemes acquired previously (Siemens, 2014).
Visual imagery
Visual imagery refers to a mental picture that records how something may look and relies on some parts of the brain to complete the process. People of different ages have accurate memories representing visual information. For example, a study that involved college students looking at more than 3000 photos in a time frame of 5 and half hours finds out that they could distinguish almost similar photos with 76% accuracy (Ormrod, 2016). Furthermore, images are seen to be relatively enduring. People who view the images between 1 to 3 seconds also show high recognition and are capable of identifying them more than 17 years later.
Elaboration
Upon reception of new information, people often impose their own interpretations. They make assumptions and draw inferences right along with the information they receive (Ormrod, 2016). Elaboration involves the utilization of prior knowledge. Elaboration, therefore, means learning more than the presented materials and involves acquiring information between the lines.
References
Ormrod J.E. (2016). Human learning (7th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Merril
Prentice Hall.
Siemens, G. (2014). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age.
