For everyday components and products to be manufactured to the required standard The tools or the machines that produce them must be operated in a safer and efficient manner. In the manufacturing process, commodities are supposed to meet a certain criterion (Kalpakjian, Schmid and Vijay Sekar, 2014, P.23). The machine operators will produce better goods or components if they understand a wide range of machining techniques that are available. The secondary machining technique is simply a process where components or material is taken for additional working mainly involving material elimination and it takes place after the primary forming process. The finals shape of the component is obtained curtesy of the machining process.
Secondary Machining Technique
Turning
Turning is secondary machining technique that involves material elimination; rotational components are formed after removing unnecessary parts. The turning process requires the lathe or the turning Machine, cutting tools, fixture, and the work piece (Liang, Zhang, and Zhang, 2014, P.46). The cutting tools are secured on the machines and cut material away in form of a small chip to yield a desirable shape.
The process of turning is crucial because finished axis-symmetric parts that contain a unique feature such as tapers, threads, grooves, holes, countered surfaces and various diameter steppes are produced (Müller and Wings, 2016, 13). The components that are entirely fabricated during the turning process entail units that are required in limited quantities for a prototype, for instance, the fasteners, and custom designed shafts. Turning is also a crucial component in the secondary process to refine and add.
Just like any other machining operations, turning can either be done automatically or manually. The disadvantages of the manual system are that it requires continues supervision; this is not usually the case in the automatic turning. The presence of computes CNC or numerical controls means tooling changes, speeds, and movement are programmed. The instruction can then be sent to the lathe for compaction. The computer numerical controls allow for efficiency and consistency of the high production runs.
Effectiveness of Tooling
The desired shape of the end product will determine the kind of turning component or tool that is required for a particular job. The two basic varieties of cutting tools are multipoint and single point tools. The most common tooling material are the high-speed Stealers and carbide. The depth of the cut, the feed rate, and the cutting speed are some of the parameters that are necessary for machining. The workplace dimensions, tooling material, and workplace material affect these parameters (Sato, Kondo and Bunya, 2017, P.19).
The Type of Tolerance Achievable
All the apparatuses that are vital in the turning process can be found in various material that can define the tools properties. These properties entail the tool’s resistance to wear, toughness, and hardness. The most common material that is utilized includes: cobalt high spend steel, carbon, steel, carbide, and the high-speed steel. The material is selected based on the variety of features including tools life, the cost, and material of the workplace (Li and Shchukin, 2012, P.22). The tool life is crucial because it affects the costs of manufacturing. The shorter the duration, the more tools that will be repurchased. Time that is involved the changing of parts can also be an important factor to consider. If it takes long time to change the process the product process will be affected.
References
Kalpakjian, S., Schmid, S. and Vijay Sekar, K. (2014). Manufacturing engineering and technology. Singapore: Pearson.
Li, G. and Shchukin, V. (2012). Advances in engineering design and optimization III. Durnten-Zurich: Trans Tech.
Liang, C., Zhang, X. and Zhang, Q. (2014). 3D Machining Process Planning Based on Machining Feature Recognition Technique. Advanced Materials Research, 945-949, pp.127-136.
Müller, M. and Wings, E. (2016). An Architecture for Hybrid Manufacturing Combining 3D Printing and CNC Machining. International Journal of Manufacturing Engineering, 2016, pp.1-12.
Sato, H., Kondo, Y. and Bunya, K. (2017). Applicability of soft-machining technique on fine hole machining in plastic materials. The Proceedings of Ibaraki District Conference, 2017.25(0), p.706.
