Journals are very important because they provide information to the readers. Different journal articles cover different topics in the modern society. These articles can range from political matters, medical issues, agricultural and political matters among others. Other journals can cover more than one topic in their articles. Psychological journals are very important both to the patients and the medical practitioners. Patients get to know more about new diseases and their symptoms. They can also access new ways of preventing and treating diseases. Medical practitioners on the other hand can get to know new technologies and ways that can be used when dealing with patients. Discussed in this paper are different articles that have been extracted from brain and cognition journal, psychophysiology, abnormal child psychology and psychological science journals. These studies play a major role in helping medical practitioners find new ways of dealing with diseases and disorders.
Brain and Cognition
In the article “Changes in Brain Connectivity As A Result Of Exposure to Bilateral Eye Movements” by Fleck et al. (2018), the authors present a study assessing how engaging in bilateral eye movements influences the activity of the brain. The article highlights important findings during the study; individuals that were subjected to eye movements maintained posterior delta coherence pre to post, the second group involves individuals were subjected to control manipulation and they exhibited a drop in posterior delta coherence, the bilateral eye movements failed to change the interhemispheric coherence and lastly regardless of condition, there was a bigger shift in electroencephalography power for inconsistent handers.
A number of individuals were subjected into the experimentation. Electroencephalography was used to record the participant’s brain activity at rest before and after performing 30 seconds of bilateral eye movements or a center-control manipulation. Absolute coherence and power difference in scores change were assessed by the researchers between the center-control conditions and the movement of the eye. The theta and beta frequency bands had the main effect for handedness which was present in electroencephalography.
In both frequency bands, inconsistent-handed individuals displayed a bigger increase than the consistent-handed individuals. For theta band, only participants in the bilateral eye-movement condition displayed an increase in power for inconsistent handers. These individuals’ increase in theta power exceeded the increase in theta power for individuals who were consistent-handed regardless of the condition. On the other hand, for coherence, a critical effect for the condition was observed for the delta frequency band. Individuals in the control condition showed a significant drop in posterior delta coherence before and after (Fleck " Miller, 2018).
The researchers suggested that maintaining of posterior delta coherence over a period of time may turn out to a vital factor in sustaining attention. The researchers also commented that the malleability of electroencephalography power for individuals who were inconsistent-handed shows how important the differences in individual variables are in the capacity to manipulate behavior to change the activity of the brain.
Psychophysiology
In the article “Inhibitory Deficits In Prepulse Inihibition,Sensory Gating And Antisaccade Eye Movement In Schizotypy” by Thomas et al. (2017), the authors present a study that focuses on “inhibitory deficits in prepulse inhibition, antisaccade eye movement in schizotypy” and sensory gating (Thomas et al. 2017). The article highlights four main points which are; schizotypal symptoms are associated with “prepulse inhibition, sensory gating and antisaccade eye movement” (Thomas et al., 2017) there is a partial overlap in the brain region that is associated with the three measures, administration of nicotine in schizotypy modulates the three measures and schizotypy has fewer deficits of the three measures compared to the schizophrenia(Wan " Boutros, 2017).
Schizotypy is defined as a continuum of characteristics that define personality originating from states of mind and they range from normal and organized to disorganized and abnormal. Inhibitory functioning has relative weakness according to evidence from psychophysiological studies. Schizotypy and schizophrenia are in a similar wavelength and therefore, getting to know the sensory nature and weaknesses of motor inhibitory related to the schizotypy will facilitate the fighting as well as the prevention of both schizophrenia and schizotypy in individuals.
Schizophrenia is mental disorder which causes long term breakdown in association between emotion, behavior and thought which leads to perception that is faulty, feelings and actions that are inappropriate, reality withdrawal, delusions and fantasies in personal relationships and feeling mentally fragmented.The researcher used a multiple of databases such as the Google scholar, PsychINFO and MEDLINE using a combination of keywords; Prepulse inhibition, schizotypal personality disorder, sensory gating, schizotypy and antisaccade for all the English published articles since 1980.The researcher found out that that the above measures; sensory gating, prepulse inhibition and antisaccade movement of the eye relate to critical signs of schizotypal. This portrays that these measures can be used as a means of predicting the disease prognosis and etiology.
The nicotine administration modulates the three above measures to certain levels. This provides a potential tool to learn on nicotine’s role in the cognition and the improvement of symptoms in schizotypy. The studies of brain imaging have localized activity of the region of the brain associated with saccade control, sensory gating and inhibition prepulse. This narrows the region’s search of the brain thus aiming at fighting schizotypy.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
In the article “Longitudinal Associations of Parental Emotion Socialization and Children’s Emotion Regulation: The Moderating Role of ADHD Symptomatology” by Breaux et al.(2017), the author writes about research that shows that the reaction of parents to their kid’s emotions has great impact on the kids. Children are taught effective emotion regulation skills by how parents react to their emotions according to the research. However no studies evaluate the function of parent sensation socialization in the appraisal of emotion regulation in children and the hyperactive disorder caused by deficit in attention.
Knowledge pertaining the causes of emotion regulation especially in youths with the attention hyperactivity disorder who are well known to have a poor emotion regulation, has a very significant theoretical and translational importance. This is the first study to examine longitudinally if socialization emotions predict later measures that are adult reported and physiological emotion regulating children with contact or those with no contact of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Furthermore, it also looks to evaluate and find out if the relations are moderated by Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms.
A total number of 60 children were used during the study [29 girls, 31 boys] with and without the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. At time A, the reports of parents about socialization emotions and teacher parent report of child attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms were collected. At time B, the emotion regulation measures for the child were put together basing on teacher and parent report during a puzzle that was impossible and a task that was about social rejection. “Physiological measures included respiratory sinus arrhythmia and skin conductance level” (Breaux "Zakarian, 2017).
Parental practices that were supportive were related to better emption that were rated by parents, children regulation skills and greater skin conductance level of reactivity for children with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Those parenting reactions that were not supportive were associated with greater emotions that are adult rated, liability for children with high attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. The results showed how important it is to consider multiple aspects of emotion regulation, including manifestations that were physiological.
Psychological Science
In the article “An Optimistic Outlook Creates a Rosy Past: The Impact of Episodic Simulation on Subsequent Memory” by Devitt et al. (2018), the author writes about how human beings often engage in thinking about the future every day even though it is not yet known how event simulation before it takes place shifts how it is remembered after happening. The researcher conducted two experiments to set up this study. In the trials, those who took part faked events that were emotional before finding outcome hypothetically of each respective event through narratives. The memory was mainly tested to determine the details of emotions which were included in those practices. Events that were positively simulated were considered in retrospect more favorable. On the other hand, subsequent memory was not affected by simulations that were negative. Past and future simulations offered similar results as delayed and immediate memory test. “These results provide novel insights into the cognitive consequences of episodic future simulation and build on the optimism-bias literature by showing that adopting a favorable outlook results in a rosy memory” (Devitt"Schacter, 2018).
Conclusion
Different journals have different articles that differentiate them from the others. Journals provide information that is very important for the human consumption. The above three measures in psychophysiology are taken as potential tools for studying the deficits that are inhibitory in schizotypy and can also be used as a parameter for preventing and treating of schizotypy. Parents using practices that are adaptive emotionally may serve as a tool for developing the emotion regulation of children and may as well be important for youths with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
References
Breaux, R. P., McQuade, J. D., Harvey, E. A., "Zakarian, R. J. (2017). Longitudinal Associations of Parental Emotion Socialization and Children’s Emotion Regulation: The Moderating Role of ADHD Symptomatology. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 1-13.
Devitt, A. L., "Schacter, D. L. (2018). An Optimistic Outlook Creates a Rosy Past: The Impact of Episodic Simulation on Subsequent Memory. Psychological science, 0956797617753936.
Fleck, J. I., Olsen, R., Tumminia, M., DePalma, F., Berroa, J., Vrabel, A., " Miller, S. (2018).Changes in brain connectivity following exposure to bilateral eye movements. Brain and cognition, 123, 142-153.
Wan, L., Thomas, Z., Pisipati, S., Jarvis, S. P., " Boutros, N. N. (2017). Inhibitory deficits in prepulse inhibition, sensory gating, and antisaccade eye movement in schizotypy. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 114, 47-54.
