ARCHITECTURE AND RITUAL SPACES

In a current moment, initiation of any new construction especially a ritual space, a ceremony referred to as "breaking-down" must be conducted. The tradition ceremony is notably done to keep or instead indicate the kickoff of a project. The ceremony is aimed at marking the commencement of a project, numerous cultures used to do the same exercise. Attendances of the practice are constantly the highly profiled and respected men and women who are chosen by the community.
In the early Egypt, there was a usual ritual similar to the "breaking down" ceremony ritual; Early Egyptian could name it "foundation ritual." There are reasons to which they were regarded necessary to carry out the ritual, and consequently it depicts how the ceremony could dictate in the construction process, prayers to gods were the key among many activities whereby, the gods were asked to provide protection and guidance all through the project works. It is believed that none of the Egyptian monuments was constructed without conducting one of these ceremonies. It was strong believes that no ancient construction work took off without the ceremony. Consequently, in the Greek period, construction of a ritual space. For instance construction of a Temple, the ceremony included eight rituals (Hagen, 2007) which are a ritual that it is a must to be conducted by a very honorable man. Pharaoh was the case in this type of ceremony, but it was recorded that most of the ceremonies were done by other honorable men on his behalf and he would never miss the ceremonies for the construction of most important buildings. During the first day of construction, Pharaoh is expected to leave the palace and go to the temple's site, on his arrival he has to first greet temple's priest, the priest is believed to symbolize the temple's god. Setting out of the site begins, as usual, the first step in construction, they refer it "Cord stretching" (Hagen, 2007). The activity is the most important since the building's final appearance will be determined by the foundation's alignment; the building dimensions are measured using the cord, which it is a line for Mason that guides in achieving accuracy. The ritual is composed of three activities; setting the corners, Putting profiles at each corner and linking the corners of the Temple's foundation using the cord. The whole activity is conducted during the night. Nevertheless, after setting the foundation, excavation works, and placement of the first course of foundation walling starts, it is defined by a ceremony called "Hoeing the ground" (Hagen, 2007), the ceremony has similarities with the breaking down ritual. Whereby, it reflects Pharaoh as the successor of the god of soil. Pharaoh or someone representing him would inaugurate the trench of the Temple's foundation using a hoe made from wood; the hoe was believed to cut the earth into the water table. Then Pharaoh would make a clay brick using a mold made out of wood, and this symbolizes originality in their buildings construction. The king who dedicates the building will get his name labeled in the clay brick before it is buried into one of the deposits. Finally, he would fill the excavations with sand fetched from river Nile. The sand is aimed at achieving a mutual level platform, which in engineering language is the construction of blinding; in ancient Greek, they refer the process as burying the foundation. Thus becoming the last ritual and is used for cleansing of a finished construction.Another ritual space in ancient Egypt was the Djoser Pyramid. Its architecture design was complex in that; its groundwork was a 4-meter rectangle pit and the 6-meter high walling, it was constructed by use of clay bricks. The basement of the pyramid is entered through a corridor that has a staircase, and it was constructed like a tunnel. The pyramid would have been one of the most elongated if only it had not been completely covered. It has numerous arrangements essential to the function to serve as an enormous flight of stairs where the deceased soul of Pharaoh could go up to the paradises. It was not only a grave, but it was purposed to enhance a fruitful life after death for the Pharaoh the Kings. There existed other pyramids that did not survive to the third dynasty which was believed to symbolize enhancements to the ascension of the sovereign in connection to eternal star. In the pyramid, there was a court which was believed to border "Heb-sed" (Hagen, 2007) a ritual festival that was aimed at providing a platform to which kings renew power. Thus the place would have given Djoser a chance to claim whole Egypt control; it is also believed that the pyramid is a magnificent palace where it allows Djoser immortally carries out rituals connected to kingship. In the pyramid, there exists a Tomb, another ritual space believed to give shelter to the gods in their life after death. The Tomb was decorated with paint work that tries to be like "reed-mat" frontage, a room for the king is decorated with deferent colors that show him running the festive of “Hed-sed." Very skilled artists were deployed to do the decorations hence symbolizes their expertise of art in obscure and unreachable places. All the extraordinary arts were believed to target at facilitating the king with tools essential to prosperous life after death. They regarded pharaohs as gods, and they were represented as a different divine being; on the other hand, the goddesses were often presented in paintings and liberations which are placed outside the temples and tombs. Most statues were designed representing pharaohs and their queens. Slaves, creatures, houses and stuff like essential vessels for the dead to endure their way of life in their afterlife are models that there existed in the ancient tombs. Whereas widely held varieties of sculptures made of wood got lost due to their short life-span and minor statues of gods and their animal representations are found in different materials e.g. pottery which is commonly found, minor molded utensils, whittled objects of the idols to figurines were also in huge numbers. An alabaster was time and again used in exclusive forms, and they were meant for pharaohs to continue in normal life after death.The civilization of Egyptians was very much spiritual; therefore a lot of Egyptian creations consist of the illustration of various idols and supernatural being on which the Pharaoh was amongst them. Furthermore, the people of early Egypt had respect for culture, and traditional values steered to the formation of difficult guidelines in which Gods and beings could be signified by artists. The proportions of statues were designed chastely by orientation to the individual's public status, rationally instead of their artistic rules of linear perspective. They made sure that the upper side of the body and eyes could be observed from the frontage. Ancient sculpture in Egypt observed the rule of painting men darker than women and positioning their hands on knees on a statue that is designed to be sitting (Smith, 1999).An outstanding variation gives the impression in the art of Greek, geometric patterning; that was overriding, is displaced by a further realistic stylishness displaying important effect from Near East. Settlements of Greek overextended starting from the Asia Minor, Aegean Islands, to the motherland of Greece, and part of Africa (Dunstan, 1998). By way of growth in riches and supremacy, poleis from the coast of landmasses and adjacent Minor Asia contested to each other in building reservations with enormous rock shrines. Association with centers that flourish; the likes of Sardis has affected art in eastern Greek. Artists are constructing huge statues using marble stones, and plaques were ornamented with outstanding reliefs. Conspicuous imaginative areas of central Greece particularly Corinth, Sparta and Athens demonstrated substantial local disparity. The Sparta and her nationals fashioned extraordinary carvings of ivory and typical bronzes, while Corinthian handicrafts workers developed an elegance of silhouetted which were designed to focus in outlines of minor creatures and plant themes; the rose bowl watercolorists of Athens were further persuaded to explain mythical scenes. The language of Greek was the main uniting influence. Moreover, the people of Greek joined hands for cultural festivals and sports held in one of the big sanctuaries on the land of Greece. The performers made progressively true-to-life demonstrations. For the duration of this historical event, there were two categories of self-supporting, large sized statuaries. They were seen to be stealing the show for it dominated most its time, Egyptians presentation was the standing nude youth the kouros and the standing draped maiden female the kore, which were amongst the ancient categories (Dunstan, 1998). Whereas, the Kouros pose and proportions in the museum exposed Egyptians influence and statues instituted in the national park and graveyards in offsets of the city partitions work for perseverance to the supernatural being. The Athens people could erect in most cases huge and expensive monuments for funerals within the city. It is done so especially when the deceased is of younger age. Tombstones of such were every so often ornamented in relief where it took forms of stelai. The reservations served as the main repositories of art work since they were a single-mindedness of inventive accomplishment. Cities of Doric command of motherland Greece with the western groups, and Ionic command of the Greek on the shoreline of Minor Asia, islands of Ionian; were well-known at the commencement of the sixth period B.C (Yapp, 1980).The architecture of the Temple sustained to be advanced during the era by a procedure of lively carrying out tests, every so often through construction missions opened by the head of state the likes of Peisistratos and Polykrates. The construction was habitually blown up with sculptural made from steppingstone, images, and decorative moldings. Whereas, real history parts in relief sculpture gave the impression as performers turn out to be progressively being concerned in the presentation of the human figure that is moving. Panathenaic games were established in Athens where the Sculptures of triumphant contestants were set up as commitments in sanctuaries of Greek; trophy was ornamented with the occasion where the player had been victorious. Alongside Near Eastern in Orientalizing Era the themes and physical marches, artisans created supplementary detailed figural arrangements and comprehensible artworks. The terracotta painted commemorative inscription as of the Temple of Apollo at Thermon are good examples of most primitive substantiation for architectural beautification in Greece. As soon as decorating the external parts of the Doric temple, the existing sections have conserved many pictures On a single plaque. The boy steps in the direction of right as he moves an important characteristic underneath his right hand; the detached skull of a Gorgon, showing the look sandwiched between her right hip and arm of a stepping statue in myths of Greek Gorgon (Swisher, 1995). This by any chance depicts progression from the statues as mentioned earlier era and also exposes a prosperous visual artist who could come up with statue wearing plump limbs and familiar facemask expressions.Work citedSwisher, Clarice. The Ancient Near East. San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, 1995.Yapp, Malcolm. The Ancient Near East. St. Paul, Minn: Greenhaven Press, 1980.Dunstan, William E. The Ancient Near East. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1998.Smith, William S, and William K. Simpson. The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.Hagen, Rose-Marie, Rainer Hagen, and Norbert Wolf. Egypt Art. Köln: Taschen, 2007. Top of Form