This paper has been presented to (Professor’s Name) by (student’s name) on September 19, 2018
Question 1
It's possible that: Not all people apply for well-paying jobs; some apply for poorly paying jobs instead. Jane is a person that applied for and got a poorly-paying job.
Question 2
The principle of Indifference is
Assumption that the probability of incompatible, independent hypotheses is always equal in every situation where we don't have any evidence that directly makes any one more probable than the others and where the logical structure of the case doesn't make any more probable than the others and that applies in some cases, but not others (due to paradox, maybe).
Question 3
Invalid and unsound
Question 4
Hypothetical Syllogism (Chain Argument)
Question 5
If you cause the death of the person on the alternate track, then you have committed murder
Question 6
Hypothetical Syllogism (Chain Argument), Modus Ponens
Question 7
Killing innocent persons is always morally impermissible, and you ought never to do things that are morally impermissible.
Question 8
The argument “A; therefore, B” is inductively valid.
Question 9
The argument A1; therefore, E is inductively valid.
Question 10
The assumptions underlying her arguments and the logical correctness of the arguments themselves
Question 11
This argument is not valid because it is circular.
Question 12
I have to show that H has a higher prior probability than Not-H
Question 13
Reflecting on your beliefs, examining the arguments and processes that lead you to those beliefs,
and then subjecting the assumptions underlying those arguments and the reliance on those
processes to rational scrutiny.
Question 14
Proof by Contradiction
Question 15
Arguments where the conclusion is a generalization that is inferred from particular observations
Question 16
Invalid and Sound
Question 17
Monotonic arguments where the conclusion is always true no matter whether the premises are true
Question 18
Circularity: the conclusion is contained grammatically in the first premise, so it asserts the
conclusion and then derives the conclusion from itself.
Question 19
Hypothetical Syllogism (Chain Argument), Modus Ponens,
Question 20
All of the above correctly describe this argument.
Question 21
It's possible that: Scientists have never discovered that any sensation is caused by neurological processes
Question 22
If you have control over the outcome of a causal process and you know you have this control,
then you are responsible for the outcome.
Question 23
The argument “B; therefore, A” is inductively valid.
Question 24
Circularity: The final conclusion, C2, follows validly from C1 and Premise 1 by modus ponens. But C1 follows validly from Premise 2 only if C2 is true! Thus, we have to assume C2 is true to derive C1. Thus, if C2 is false, then the Premises 1 and 2 together fail to provide support for C2 itself.
Question 25
Reasoning by Cases
