What is Ectopic Pregnancy?

When the fertilized egg implants itself outside of the womb, typically in one of the fallopian tubes, this is called an ectopic pregnancy (Health Unlocked). An egg that has become caught in the fallopian tube will not grow into a baby, which could be dangerous if the pregnancy goes on. Ectopic pregnancy cannot be saved and must thus typically be removed using medication or a surgical procedure. In the United Kingdom, one ectopic pregnancy occurs for every 80 to 90 full-term pregnancies, or around 12,000 pregnancies annually (Health Unlocked). It typically has no symptoms and is only found during standard prenatal scans. In cases where there are symptoms, they typically occur between the fourth and the twelfth week of pregnancy (Health Unlocked). Symptoms vary and may involve a combination of vaginal bleeding, missed periods and discomfort when passing urine or defecating.

What is the Difference Between Fraternal and Identical Twins?

Fraternal or dizygotic twins are usually born because at during ovulation, two Graafian follicles have matured at the same time and hence two ova have been shed (Roberts 25). The occurrence of fraternal is closely linked to fertility and animals with a high proportion of producing twins have a low proportion of sterility. On the other hand, the causation of identical twinning is not as simple as fraternal twinning and is usually entirely different. In identical twinning, at an early stage of the zygote development, it divides into two. Therefore, the twins are just a single person who started their life with an identical hereditary constitution. Unlike fraternal twinning which occurs in many species, identical twinning is a very rare occurrence and is only found in humans and two species of armadillo (Roberts 25).

What are the Symptoms of Chlamydial Infection, Gonorrhea, Herpes Genitalis, and Syphilis?

Chlamydial Infection

Most people with Chlamydial Infection show no symptoms, and if one has, then they may not show until many weeks after sexual intercourse with an infected partner. In women, they may include abnormal vaginal discharge and a burning pain when passing urine. For men, they may include a burning feeling when passing urine, discharge from the penis and in rare cases, one or both testicles may experience and swelling (CDC).

Gonorrhea

Some men with gonorrhea show no signs at all but for those who have them may have a burning feeling when passing urine, discharge from the penis which is usually yellow, green or white in color. In rare cases, they may have swollen or painful testicles. In women gonorrhea has no signs but are often mild when they show. They include pain when passing urine, increased vaginal discharge and bleeding from the vagina between menstrual periods (CDC).

Herpes Genitalis

Persons infected with herpes genitalia may not notice any signs and when they do it may be after a few days to a couple of weeks or even months after infection. They often start as tiny blisters that turn to painful sores. The sores may come with flu signs with fever and swollen lymph nodes (CDC).

Syphilis

The symptoms of syphilis in adults are grouped into three stages. In the primary stage, one may notice one sore but there are many sores. In the secondary stage, one may have skin rashes and sores in the mouth, anus or vagina. The latent phase starts with the disappearance of all the earlier symptoms. If one does not receive treatment, then they may live for years without showing any signs (CDC).



Works Cited

CDC. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). 25 October 2016. Web. 5 February 2017. .

Health Unlocked. Ectopic Pregnancy. 3 February 2016. Web. 4 February 2017. .

Roberts, Fraser. "Twins." The Eugenics Review (2010): 25-32. Print.