As the population keeps on doubling on an annual basis, the world’s urban population seems to be tripling. If the trend continues these ways more of the world’s population. Urbanization means an increase in the proportion of people who live in the rural area when compared to those who live in the rural area. The Urban area is primarily well built up regions such as cities or towns while the rural areas are those found in the countryside (Environment Urbanization, 2003). The human population has been rising exponentially over the past 10000 years and has become an increasingly dominant force on the environment. The continually expanding world’s population had magnified the impacts out economic activities and agriculture. As the population keeps on doubling on an annual basis, the world’s urban population seems to be tripling. If the trend continues these ways more of the world’s population will be residing in towns.

The increasing numbers of people in urban places differ from country to country. For example among the developing countries, they have the highest number of people that reside in the cities this includes the Latin America countries. South and East Asia rate of urbanization is so rapid. With this trend, it is already predictable that the earth’s population will be residing in cities and towns. Equally the rising and redistribution of the world’s population will have a significant impact on the environment. The increasing in the population in urban area emanates from the migration of people to the cities and the rising fertility rate of the urban population. The advantages that urban areas offer is the driving force behind the massive migration. People who reside in urban areas receive better services such as entertainment, transport, healthcare, and education. The urban nonpoor have more chances of acquiring better education than the urban poor, but still the poor in towns have greater opportunities for a better education that rural poor (Bowden, 2007).

URBANIZATION CHART (Rushing, 2010)



URBANIZATION AND ITS EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

The urban population interacts with the surrounding. The people who live in the urban center alter the surrounding through the utilization of land, energy, water and food. The contaminated city environment ends up affecting the urban population’s quality of life and health. The individuals that reside in the metropolitan area have a different lifestyle when compared to the people who live in the countryside. The urban population has the tendency of consuming durable goods and energy that rural people. In China in 1970 for instance, the urban population consumed double the pork that is consumed by the people in the countryside. The trend has not changed yet because currently the urban population still consumes more pork diet than the rest rural area (Gupta, Joshi and Gupta, 2012).

When it comes to consumption of other good such as heating, cooking, transportation and electricity the urban area still leads. The cities tend to have many cars when compared to their fellow rural counterparts. In the 1930s almost all the cars in the world were in the United States. The scenario is, however, different currently cars are owned by every two people in the world. If the trend continues this way, it means that the world will have 5.3 billion cars that will all be utilizing energy. This will continue to have an adverse impact on the environment. In China, the average utilization of coal in cities and towns was three times more than the consumption in the countryside areas. The increasing urbanization has increased the use of the aggregate energy, despite the new technology and efficiency. The rise of energy that is consumed is likely to have a deleterious effect on the environment.

The urban consumption of energy has created a negative impact, and it is continuing to be a threat to the survival of this planet. The energy consumption pattern has significantly altered weather downfall and weather patterns from the heat island. The use of fuel radiates a lot of heat to the atmospheres when you compare it to the amount of heat that is emitted by the countryside. The blend of the rising consumption of energy and difference in radiation implies that towns are warmer when compared to the rural areas. The atmospheric pollutants are trapped in these heat islands. Fog and cloudiness tend to occur with greater frequency. Hailstorms and thunderstorms are more common, but the days of snow in these cities tend to be less common.

The environmental destruction that is caused by the urban centers is not entirely linear. The biggest cities are not the primary pollutants of the environment. There are other smaller towns that can cause more significant problems to the environment. What determines the environmental impact is basically how the people who reside in this areas behave, their living patterns and not just many they are.

IMPACT OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE ENVIRONMENT

The increasing industrialization in urban centers will always sanitarily and environmentally controversial, and because of that reason people have made an effort to segregate these industrial areas from the inner cities. The expanding urban infrastructure significantly affects the environment. Many cities have so many industries such as refineries, incinerators, and plants that pollute the environment. In the coastal area, companies have constructed shipping ports this has denied the locals accessible to the seashore. Most of the wastes from these industries are often disposed of in the oceans and seas, therefore, pausing a threat to the survival of marine life. People no longer enjoy the emotional and physical connection with the oceanfront. Although various governments around the world have tried to split residential areas from industries, there are still so many people who are still suffering from the impact of industrialization in these urban centers. The effects of pollution have been alleviated by many issues that are related to technology, but newer problems are now emerging. Responding to the infrastructural pollution has been on top of the menu for many governments. The strategies have been proving successful because the environmental pollution is somehow contained as greener development strategies come up (Rushing, 2010).

URBAN SPRAWL

The constantly increasing population in the developing countries has put too much pressure on housing which forces people out of the city because they are unaffordable. Some people respond to the high cost of living in cities to by moving to the outskirts thereby encouraging urban sprawl. These outskirts area of the city are poorly served with community facilities and public transport, so urban sprawl leads to more motor vehicles that are essential to travel to work. Urban sprawl implies that land that was once agricultural will be converted into residential areas. The migration of people to these area puts a lot of pressure on the available natural resources. Some other people will move out of cities because they find such environments to be unpleasant. In many cases they will shift to the coastal areas where the environment is naturally beautiful. As so many people follow suit and join them in this areas species preservation is faces threats as the natural environment ends up being damaged (Li, Chen, and Hu, 2016).

GARBAGE

In some of the urban centers around the world, there is the lack of a good plan to dispose of waste. The disposal of waste products from the largest population is in many cases a challenge. The domestic waste that is generated by all the households accounts more than one-half of the total waste that is produced by the cities. The amount might however vary, and it's dependent on the on the number of people in a given city or town and the amount of waste product that they generate. In the cities that waste products are poorly managed; wastes are often disposed of in the lakes, rivers, and ocean a factor that threatens the marine wildlife and also causes diseases to animals and human beings.

Annually the residents of Melbourne and Sydney generated thousands of tons of plastic, glass, cardboard, paper and other waste products that ended up being buried in the ground. This has caused massive soil pollution in that area. This creates an ugly scenario because resources are wasted, they water in the ground ends up being polluted, visual nuisance and smell are created. There is, however, some progress in some parts of the world, where governments have put in places measure to make sure the waste products are recycled.

URBAN ENVIRONMENT POLICY CHANGES

Since the 1950s major cities in the world have faced environmental challenges. Many cities are however made some progress in protecting the environment. Los Angeles has significantly reduced the volume of air contamination. Most of the cities that were created near rivers have made progress in making the earlier polluted rivers clean. Many of the young cities do not have too much wealth to reduce the destruction of the environment in urban areas. If inadequate of resources are accompanied with the wasteful government, the rising cities may take a while before mitigation starts. A stronger urban governance is needed before any form of progress is made, but it always resources that limit any development. Overlapping jurisdiction for industrial development, housing, roads, air, and water frustrates efficient governance of the critical environmental resources.

In these cities when proper management is missing, the private-public partnership can become essential. This partnership can create an array of priorities that can be shared broadly and later on implemented. In some cities, the public-private partnerships have been channeled to engage the environmental impact on the health of human. Primary research ought to be done on the environmental impact of urbanization. Indeed, many people will be living in the urban centers and will judge this generation based on the research they did to find the best solution to environmental degradation.



CONCLUSION

Urbanization has come with so many problems, the governments around the world have come up with some policies to reduce the impact of globalization though it continues to be a primary concern. Since the 20th-century urbanization happened, fast and so many people migrated into cities. Since the governments have come up with different methods to reduce the problems associated urbanization, the policies have proven to be futile. What the government ought to solve the problem of overpopulation that will mean that cities will be manageable and hence the adverse impacts of urbanization will disappear.























Work Cited

Bowden, R. (2007). Urbanization. 1st ed. London: Wayland.

Environment&Urbanization. (2003). Environment and Urbanization, 15(1), p.NP-2.

Gupta, R., Joshi, R. and Gupta, N. (2012). Urbanization and Air Environment in Jaipur. Environment and Urbanization ASIA, 3(2), pp.353-358.

Li, B., Chen, C. and Hu, B. (2016). Governing urbanization and the New Urbanization Plan in China. Environment and Urbanization, 28(2), pp.515-534.

Rushing, W. (2010). Urbanization. 1st ed. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

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