Public Health Effects of Tobacco

Tobacco use remains a huge public health problem worldwide and is responsible for many deaths each year. It costs governments, families and businesses billions of dollars in lost productivity, healthcare costs, and the loss of human capital due to tobacco-related disease and death.

Smoking is the primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which limits airflow in the lungs and can be fatal. It can also make asthma worse and increase the risk of heart attack or stroke.

The World Health Organization estimates that 1.3 billion people, mostly in low- and middle-income countries, are currently using some form of tobacco. These users account for the bulk of the global burden of illness and death from tobacco.

1. Tobacco smoking causes about a quarter of the world's cancers and is linked to more than 10 other diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic lung disease.

2. Tobacco use damages nearly every organ in the body, affecting arteries and veins, liver, kidneys, bones, skin and gastrointestinal tract.

3. Tobacco smoke contains nicotine, an addictive chemical that binds to receptors on the brain. It also activates the central nervous system and increases blood pressure, breathing and heart rate.

4. Tobacco use can damage the immune system, causing serious respiratory infections.

5. Tobacco use increases the risk of emphysema and pneumonia.

6. Tobacco use damages the mouth and gums, increasing the risk of periodontal disease, tooth decay and oral cancer.

7. Tobacco use reduces bone density and makes fractures more likely.

8. Tobacco use can cause premature birth and low birthweight in infants.

9. Tobacco use affects the development of a child's brain and nervous system.

10. Tobacco use can lead to a greater risk of depression and anxiety in adolescents.

11. Tobacco use can also be harmful for people who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant.

12. Tobacco can damage the reproductive organs in women, causing premature menopause and low estrogen levels.

13. Tobacco can damage the liver and pancreas.

14. Tobacco use can lead to gastrointestinal diseases, including stomach ulcers and inflammatory bowel disease.

15. Tobacco can lead to a variety of other illnesses, such as bronchitis and congestive heart failure.

16. Tobacco can also make it harder for people to heal wounds and increase the risk of infection.

17. Tobacco can affect the strength of scar tissue and reduce the chances of successful skin grafts.

18. Tobacco can damage the nerves that control movement.

19. Tobacco use can be addictive and hard to quit.

20. Tobacco can increase a person's risk of developing other addictions and mental health problems.

21. Tobacco can also contribute to social and economic deprivation.

22. Tobacco use can be a barrier to employment and education, decreasing economic opportunity and contributing to poverty.

23. Tobacco is a leading cause of death and preventable disease in the United States, costing more than $225 billion in health care expenditures and lost productivity each year.

Tobacco is a dangerous, addictive, and toxic drug that kills over 480,000 Americans each year. It is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States and imposes an enormous toll on families, businesses and government.

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