Fill in the blanks with complete sentences and proper language, spelling, and syntax to the following questions. Save the file with your last name and assignment, for example, NR439 Reading Research Literature Smith. Please submit by 11:59 p.m. MT. Week 5 concludes on Sunday. This assignment's requirements and grading criteria may be found on the assignment page.
S. G. Velayutham, S. R. Chandra, S. Bharath, and R. G. Shankar (2017). A pilot study of quantitative balance and gait measurement in patients with frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. 176-182 in Indian Journal of Psychiatric Medicine, 39(2). doi:10.4103/0253-7176.203132
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What is the purpose of this research?
The purpose this research is to identify the qualitative balance as well as gait measurement in patients with Alzheimer disease and Dementia.
What is the research question (or questions)? This may be implicit or explicit.
The research question was to identify whether there is a subclimax involvement of gait and balance.
Give a complete description of the research design of this study.
In the study, 24 male patients aged between 50 and 70 years were the participants. 8 participants in each group were diagnosed with FTD using the revised standards criteria while the AD patients were diagnosed using the association criteria. The participants were recruited from outpatient department, Geriatric Clinic as well as from the community. The ethical clearance was received from the Institute Ethical Committee. Other factors that were included in the study included gender, height as well as age. The balance was measured using the Biodex Balance Master. Three trials each of 20 s duration were done. The amount that was used for deviation from the original BOS and direction were recorded without using the handrail support. In the second part of the balance test, the subjects’ ability to come back in the original position was identified. In the gait assessment, the Biodex Gait Trainer USA Incorp was utilized. The victims that were recruited had to walk for two minutes in a sensor based treadmill at a speed that is confortable. A safety hamess was provided to protect the persons from falling. After a rest period of about 2 minutes the test was then administered for the second time. The results that were analyzed included the total walking distance, the average speed, the step cycle, CV of the right and the left leg among other parameters. The results were descriptively analyzed used ANOVA (Velayutham et al 2017)
What is the population (sample) for this study?
In this study, 24 people are used as the study population
Was the sample approach adequate for the research design that was selected and explain why.
The sample approach used in the study wasn’t adequate as the research needed more participants to confirm the positivity.
Describe the data collection procedure.
The data was collected via direct observation of the patients as well as interviewing the patients.
How were the data analyzed after collection?
The data was analyzed using One Way Anova after collection.
Discuss the limitations found in the study.
The major limitation in the study is that the study population of the study was a bit adequate. For such a comprehensive study, more patients should have been used. The other limitation is that the study focused on ill patients alone. The aspect means that there were no control patients in the study to confirm the positivity of the result.
Discuss the authors' conclusions. Do you feel these conclusions are based on the data that they collected?
The study indicated that there is a balance and gait problems in normal elderly victims as well as patients with AD and FTD. The aspect was noted during dual tasking indicating the role that is played by divided attention. However, it was noted that the abnormality is more in victims with AD and FTD. According to the study, patients with AD and FTD have significant abnormalities. However, abnormalities in stride length as well as step cycle affect patients with FTD only. The study also revealed that all the parameters used uniformly affected patients with FTD but the mediolateral balance affects AD patients. It was also noted that patients with FTD tends to tilt forward while us those with AD tilt backwards. The unique information indicated that there is balance and gait impairment subclinical in cortical elements. The uniform as well as the moderate involvement in the FTD is well explained using the frontal circuits while as the sensory pathway is used to explain AD. The differences are used to differentiate the two conditions in early stages. It is clear that postural training in patients with AD and gait training in patients with FTD helps in delaying future falls among these patients.
I agree that the conclusions made were related to the data collected.
How does this advance knowledge in the field?
The identification of the balance aided the treatment as well as the management of the conditions.
The following questions pertain to:
Pals, R. S., Hansen, U. M., Johansen, C. B., Hansen, C. S., Jørgensen, M. E., Fleischer, J., & Willaing, I. (2015). Making sense of a new technology in clinical practice: a qualitative study of patient and physician perspectives. BMC Health Services Research, 15(1), 1-10. doi:10.1186/s12913-015-1071-1
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What is the purpose of this research?
The purpose of this study is to explore the physician as well as the patient perspective on the usefulness of new technology in detecting Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN) in a specialist diabetic clinic.
What is the research question (or questions)? This may be implicit or explicit.
The research question was investigating on whether the new technology is making sense in diagnosis clinical conditions among patients. The study was also exploring on the effectiveness of the communication channels used by the physicians to communicate their results to their patients as well as the implications of a test result to a patient.
Give a complete description of the research design of this study.
The study relied on three sources of data. The methods included direct observation, where both physicians as well patients were interviewed. In the study, patients who received the CAN test were interviewed. The concerned physicians were also interviewed to investigate the usefulness of the test to the patients. A total number of 36 participants were interviewed.
What is the population (sample) for this study?
The study population involved 36 participants, 8 of which were observed via medical consultations, 19 were interviews with patient’s wh0o received the CAN test and 9 interviews with physicians who reported the CAN tests.
Was the sample approach adequate for the research design that was selected and explain why.
The sample approach was not adequate. The aspect is due to the fact that, the study was comprehensive for a sample utilization of a sample size of 36 participants. If more participants were used, the results could be more viable.
Describe the data collection procedure.
The data was collected from medical records. In the study, the researchers had to depend on the patient co-donator to access the patients who were scheduled to receive the CAN results. During the days when consultations were scheduled, the researchers contacted the respective physicians and requested for observation permission. The nurse in charge of the clinic kept updating the researchers on upcoming consultations as well as tested patients. Generally the researchers depended on secondary data to obtain the required information. The secondary data included the results from the CAN tests, records by the nurses as well as from physicians. However the researches also used observation as well as interviews to obtain primary data.
How were the data analyzed?
The data was analyzed using the concept of technological frames which were used to assess how the patients as well as the physicians understood and interpreted the new technology.
Discuss the limitations found in the study?
In general the study population used was inadequate for a comprehensive research. In fact more individuals would have yielded more positive results. A lot of patients who had a CAN test were included in the test. However, it was noted that many of these patients didn’t recall the tests and thus they were unable to elaborate the experiences of the test. In the study, only a selected group of physicians were included. The aspect means that the invited physicians were not included. The study used three concepts to identify the required information. The intertwining of the concepts made it difficult for one to distinguish each aspect in terms of defining the constituents of technological frames within the patients and the physicians. The study didn’t compare the technology with others in its bid to verify the results (Pals et al 2015)
Discuss the authors' conclusions. Do you feel these conclusions are based on the data that they collected?
The main emphasis of the study on investigating the physicians` as well as the patients` understood on the new technology that was implemented in the clinical practice. The results indicated that the physicians found it challenging to communicate the meaning of the meaning if the results to the patients. There was also a difficulty in translating the results into meaningful implications to the patients. The patients who were observed were not sure of the meaning of the results thus there were no indications that the tests would motivate them to change their behaviors. The study suggested that a dialogue should be initiated to communicate the meaning of the results to the patients so us they can understand the meaning as well as the purpose of CAN technology. The study also suggested that the patients should be given more information about the test so as they can appreciate the technology applied.
Yes I feel that the conclusions are based on the data that are collected. The aspect is due to the fact that the interpretations of the results were similar to the conclusions made.
How does this advance knowledge in the field.
The study advanced the field in the sense that the patients as well as the physicians got a clear understanding of the meaning of the CAN test. The patients were also made aware of the test. The recommendations of the study aim at improving the usefulness of the test. The patients will receive more information about their CAN tests and in the long –run, they will be in a position to appreciate the purpose of the test.
References
Pals, R. A., Hansen, U. M., Johansen, C. B., Hansen, C. S., Jørgensen, M. E., Fleischer, J., & Willaing, I. (2015). Making sense of a new technology in clinical practice: a qualitative study of patient and physician perspectives. BMC health services research, 15(1), 402.
Velayutham, S. G., Chandra, S. R., Bharath, S., & Shankar, R. G. (2017). Quantitative balance and gait measurement in patients with frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer diseases: A pilot study. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 39(2), 176.
