Building Classification Project

Topic: Apply constructing codes and standards to the building process for giant building projects
Part 1: Classifying constructing and type of construction
Task 1.1 (Building Classification)
Criteria to decide the classification of buildings
The classification of buildings or components of buildings relies upon on the purpose for which it is designed, developed or adapted to be used. As such, there exists 10 classifications of constructions as specified with the aid of the National Construction Code of Australia. These include: houses which are classification 1 buildings, apartments as category 2 buildings, residential constructions as class 3, residential structures within non-residential homes as class 4, workplace buildings to be used for industrial or official functions as class 5, shops, constructions for the retail of goods and supply of services to the public (restaurants and café’s) as class 6, class 7 has two sub-categories: class 7a as car parks and class 7b as warehouses, storage buildings, and buildings to display produce for wholesale purposes, factories as class 8 buildings, public buildings as class 9, and non habitable buildings such as sheds, fences etc. as class 10.Classification of different buildingsClass 1a – A single dwelling house that is a detached house.Class 1a – single dwelling houseClass 5 – An office building for professional or commercial purposes.Class 5 – an office buildingClass 7a – A building which is a car parkClass 7a – A car parkMultiple ClassificationA factory (class 8) which houses a plant assembly room thus being classified in a multiple manner.Multiple classification – a plant assembly room within a factoryEffect of ‘major’ and ‘minor’ use in regard to classificationIn regard to multiple classification of buildings, each part of a building is to be classified separately. Where different parts have different purposes, if not more than 10% of the floor area of the storey, being the minor use, is used for a purpose which is a different classification, the classification applying to the major use may apply to the whole storey.Task 1.2 (Class and Type)Report on the inter-relationship between ‘class of building’ and ‘type of construction’.The following depicts the type of construction for the various classes of buildings.Type of ConstructionRise in StoreysClass of building 2, 3, 9Class of building 5, 6, 7, 84 or moreAA3AB2BC1CCThe classification of buildings and the type of construction can vary from the stipulated classes. As such, concessions can be provided that change the construction type. Such concessions can relate to the building design, its size and number of escapes provided.Comparison of FRL building elements between type A construction and type B constructionFRL Building ElementType A constructionType B construction2, 3 or 4 part5, 7a or 92, 3 or 4 part5, 7a or 9External Wall - load bearing parts less than 1.5m90 / 90 / 90120/120/12090 / 90 / 90120/120/120External Wall – non-load bearing parts less than 1.5m-/90/90-/120/120-/90/90-/120/120External Column – load bearing columns90/-/-120/-/-90/-/-120/-/-External Column – non-load bearing columns-/-/--/-/--/-/--/-/-Common Walls & Fire Walls90 / 90 / 90120/120/12090 / 90 / 90120/120/120Internal Walls - fire resisting lift and stair shafts load bearing90 / 90 / 9090 / 90 / 9090 / 90 / 90120/120/120Internal Walls - fire resisting lift and stair shafts non-load bearing- / 90 / 90-/120/120- / 90 / 90-/120/120Floors90 / 90 / 90120/120/120N/AN/ARoofs90 / 60 / 30120/60/30-/-/--/-/-Source: (NCC BCA Volume 1)Part 2: DTS and PP DocumentationTask 2.1 (DTS and PP)Different procedures for ensuring NCC/BCA compliance for: a DTS solution and A deemed to satisfy solution that complies with the deemed to satisfy provisions is deemed to comply with the performance requirements.an alternative solution, including assessment methods. A performance solution or alternative solution will only comply with the NCC when the assessment methods used satisfactorily demonstrate compliance with the performance requirements.In order to ascertain whether the alternative solution or the deemed to satisfy solution complies with the performance requirements, the following assessment methods are used appropriately.Evidence to support that the use of a material or product, form of construction or design meets a performance requirement or a deemed to satisfy provision.Verification methods as contained in the NCC or as accepted by appropriate authorities for determining compliance with performance requirements.Expert judgementComparison with the deemed to satisfy provisionsFor a class 3 building:Relevant performance provisions from the NCC/BCA for sound transmission and insulation.Floors separating sole-occupancy units or a sole occupancy unit from a plant room, lift shaft, stairway, public corridor, public corridor or the like must provide insulation against the transmission of airborne and impact generated sound sufficient to prevent illness or loss of amenity to occupants.Walls separating sole-occupancy units or a sole-occupancy unit from a plant room, lift shaft, stairway, public corridor, public corridor or the like or parts of a different classification, must provide insulation against the transmission of airborne sound and impact generated sound if the wall is separating a bathroom, sanitary compartment, laundry or kitchen in one sole occupancy unit from a habitable room in an adjoining unit sufficient to prevent illness or loss of amenity to occupants.The required sound insulation of a floor or a wall must not be compromised by the incorporation or penetration of a pipe or other service element, or a door assembly.Verification methods are available for demonstrating compliance with these performance criteriaCompliance to avoid transmission of airborne and impact generated sound through floors is verified when it is measured in situ that the separating floor has:airborne: a weighted standardized level difference with spectrum adaptation term (DnT,w + Ctr) not less than 45 when determined under AS/NZS 1276.1 or ISO 717.1; and impact: a weighted standardized impact sound pressure level with (LnT,w) not more than 62 when determined under AS ISO 717.2. 
Compliance to avoid to avoid the transmission of airborne sound through walls is verified when it is measured in-situ that a wall separating sole-occupancy units has a weighted standardized level difference with spectrum adaptation term (DnT,w + Ctr) not less than 45 when determined under AS/NZS 1276.1 or ISO 717.1; or a wall separating a sole-occupancy unit from a plant room, lift shaft, stairway, public corridor, public lobby, or the like, or parts of a different classification, has a weighted standardized level difference (DnT,w) not less than 45 when determined under AS/NZS 1276.1 or ISO 717.1; or 
any door assembly located in a wall that separates a sole-occupancy unit from a stairway, public corridor, public lobby, or the like, has a weighted standardized level difference (DnT,w) not less than 25 when determined under AS/NZS 1276.1 or ISO 717.1. 
In order to ensure compliance and advice on the documentation might be required, an expert certified by the BCA would be consulted.The NCC contains four assessment methods any combination of which can be used to determine if solutions for building, plumbing or drainage comply with performance requirements. These include:Evidence of suitability – which requires evidence to support claims that a material or form of construction meets the DTS provisions.Verification methods – they include tests, inspections, calculations which determine whether a proposed building, drainage or plumbing solution complies with relevant requirements of performance. However, it is important to note that verification methods are not limited to those specified by NCC. Other verification methods may be used if the appropriate authority is established to comply with the NCCComparison to DTS provisions – the proposed building, plumbing or drainage solution is compared against the DTS provision. If it is established that the solution complies to the DTS provision, it can be deemed to meet the relevant requirements for performance.Expert judgment – the technical opinion of a certified expert may be used to determine whether the solution complies to the DTS provision.For a class 5 and 9 building:Relevant performance provisions from the NCC/BCA for fire resistance include:For a class 9a and 9c building, a building must be protected from the spread of fire to allow sufficient time for the orderly evacuation of the building during emergencies.For classes 5, 9a, 9b and 9c buildings:A building must have elements which will, to the degree necessary, maintain structural stability during a fire appropriate to – function or use of the building, fire load, potential intensity of the fire, fire hazard, height of the building, proximity to other property, size of fire compartment, among others.A building must have elements which will, to the degree necessary, avoid the spread of the fire to exits, between buildings and in a building. In addition, avoidance of the spread of the fire must be appropriate to function or use of the building, potential fire load, fire hazard, number of storeys in the building, proximity to other buildings among other factors. In order to maintain tenable conditions during evacuation of occupants, a material and an assembly to the degree necessary, resist the spread of fire and limit the generation of smoke and heat, and any toxic gases likely to be produced, appropriate to evacuation time; number, mobility and other occupant characteristics; function and use of the building; any active fire systems installed in the building.A building must have elements, which will, to the degree necessary, avoid the spread of the fire from service equipment having a fire hazard or a potential for explosion resulting from the fire hazard.A building must have elements, which will, to the degree necessary, avoid the spread of fire so that emergency equipment provided in a building will continue to operate for a period of time necessary to ensure that the intended function of the equipment is maintained during a fire.Any building element provided to resist the spread of fire must be protected, to the degree necessary, so that an adequate level of performance is maintained where openings, construction joints and the like occur, and where penetrations occur for building services.Verification methods are available for demonstrating compliance with these performance criteriaCompliance with the provision to prevent spread of fire between buildings on adjoining allotments is verified when it is calculated that:A building will not cause heat flux in excess of those set out in column 2 of table 1, at locations within the boundaries of an adjoining property set out as indicated in the column 1 of table 1 where another building may be constructed.When located at the distances from the allotment boundary set out in column 1 of table 1, a building is capable of withstanding the heat flux set out in column 2 of table 1 without ignition. Table 1Column 1Column 2LocationHeat Flux (kW/m2)1m from boundary403m from boundary206m from boundary10In addition, Compliance with the provision to prevent spread of fire between buildings on adjoining allotments is verified when it is calculated that a building:Is capable of withstanding heat flux set out in column 2 of table 2 without ignition.Will not cause heat flux in excess of those set out in column 2 of table 2 when the distance between the buildings is as set out in column 1 of table 2.Table 2Column 1Column 2Distance between buildingsHeat Flux (kW/m2)0 m802 m406 m 2012 m10In order to ensure compliance and advice on the documentation might be required, an expert certified by the BCA would be consulted.The NCC contains four assessment methods any combination of which can be used to determine if solutions for building, plumbing or drainage comply with performance requirements. These include:Evidence of suitability – which requires evidence to support claims that a material or form of construction meets the DTS provisions.Verification methods – they include tests, inspections, calculations which determine whether a proposed building, drainage or plumbing solution complies with relevant requirements of performance. However, it is important to note that verification methods are not limited to those specified by NCC. Other verification methods may be used if the appropriate authority is established to comply with the NCC.Comparison to DTS provisions – the proposed building, plumbing or drainage solution is compared against the DTS provision. If it is established that the solution complies to the DTS provision, it can be deemed to meet the relevant requirements for performance.Expert judgment – the technical opinion of a certified expert may be used to determine whether the solution complies to the DTS provision.Task 2.2 (DTS and PP)Report on the interconnection between Australian Standards and the NCC/BCAThe National Construction Code of Australia (NCC), previously the Building Code of Australia (BCA) is tasked with setting a uniform set of national provisions for the design and construction of buildings in Australia. The code is produced and updated by the Australian Building Codes Board (ABCB) on behalf of the Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments, and is empowered by the Building Act of 1975. The code is reviewed and amended each year as required and used as a documented benchmark for compliance. The NCC is supported and calls up a number of documents that are referenced to provide detail on how to achieve compliance for the components under review.The Australian Standards takes precedence as it is referenced when the NCC is being updated each year.Relevance of NCC/BCA and AS’s to specification documents and their importance in the QA process and potential liabilities.NCC/BCA and AS’ are relevant to specification documents as they are referenced as a baseline level of security requirements for houses and buildings. As such, they are important in the QA process as they help codify best practices, methods and technical requirements in order to create an environment that is safe and sustainable for the community. In addition, the specifications enable stakeholders in the building industry to adhere to best building standards thereby ward off potential liability that would arise from the structures they build.Report on the strategies for managing design/construction coordination between DTS fully documented solutions and performance based specifications.While performance requirements can be met using either performance solutions (alternative solutions) or using deemed-to-satisfy solutions, various strategies are important to manage construction coordination between them. These include:Using verification methods where suitable documentation from accredited testing authorities are used to demonstrate building solutions that achieve minimum performance requirements. Using expert judgment from a certified and qualified expert to offer guidance.Comparison of the alternative solution to the deemed to satisfy provisions.Part 3 - Fire protection active/passive and Application of BCA requirementsTask 3.1 (Application of BCA requirements)Classifications for all parts of the buildingInformation regarding the commercial building is as follows:One level basement car parkRoof space is for plant room and machinery only5 levels of office space (levels 1 to 5)For the type of classification,Office tower is class 5Basement car park is class 7aShop is class 6The roof space is class 8The ‘Rise in Storeys’According to the BCA volume 1, a space within a building that contains only the accommodation of vehicles is not considered a storey for the purposes of calculating the rise in storeys. However, should the car park contain other facilities such as storage areas and entrance foyers, it is a storey.76543210The building thus has 7 storeys (5 levels of offices), 1 shop and 1 plant and machinery building.The ‘Effective Height’ of the building.Based on BCA’s definition of the effective height of a building, it refers to the height of the floor of the storey that is top most from the storey that is lowest providing a direct egress to a road or open space. The information given indicates that the height of the floor is 3.8m max. Thus, the height of the topmost storey = 6 X 3.58 as 6 storeys are in between the topmost storey’s floor and the ground floor.Thus, effective height = 21.48m which is less than 25m.The ‘Fire Resistance Levels (FRLs)’ for ALL major structural elements of the building for all levels.The ground floor uses class 6 type A FRLs as there is no fire wall separating the shop (class 6) and the office areas (class 5).Since the type of construction is type A, the floor FRL takes that of class 5, 180/180/180The floor above the car park that separates it from the shop (class 6) will have an FRL of 60/60/60 if the car park is sprinklered.The FRL of the lift shaft in the car park is 240/120/120 FRL or 60/60/60 if it is sprinklered. The lift shaft FRL as it goes through the ground floor storey will require to be 180/120/120.For the given buildingThe number and location of required ‘exits’ on all levelsBasement Exits2 basement exits are required. One exit up to the ground level since it’s underground and the other to the road access.Exit to ground levelExit to road accessFire Exits for the basement and the towerBasement fire exitFire exits on the ground floorSpecify the minimum distance between exits on any levelThe minimum distance is calculated as follows:the maximum ‘travel distance’ to an exit on each level.The maximum distance is calculated as follows: The minimum width of exits on all levelsThe following figure illustrates the same:Firefighting equipment required for the buildingThe firefighting equipment required will include Hydrant equipment Fire hose reelsSprinklersPart 3: Fire protection active/passive and Application of BCA requirements(report attached in separate document)

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