First aid
First aid refers to the initial medical assistance provided to a person who has been injured or has suddenly fallen ill. It can save lives, prevent worsening of injuries or illnesses, and promote recovery. Therefore, everyone should have some knowledge of basic first aid techniques and be prepared to administer them in emergencies. Here are some of the basics of first aid:
Assessment and communication
Before providing first aid, it is essential to assess the situation to ensure your safety and that of the injured or ill person. Look out for any hazards, such as fire, electricity, or moving traffic, and take measures to eliminate or minimize them. If you are unsure of how to handle a particular situation, seek help from emergency services by calling 911 or your local emergency number.
Once you have assessed the situation, approach the person and introduce yourself. Explain your intention to provide assistance and ask for their permission to do so. Be gentle and empathetic, and try to keep the person calm and comfortable while waiting for further medical help.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
CPR is a life-saving technique used to revive a person whose breathing or heartbeat has stopped. It involves chest compressions to pump blood to the vital organs, such as the brain and heart, and rescue breaths to provide oxygen. CPR should be performed as soon as possible, ideally within the first four minutes of a cardiac arrest, to maximize the chances of survival.
To perform CPR, place the person on a firm, flat surface, and kneel beside them. Place the heel of one hand on the center of their chest and interlock the fingers of your other hand on top. Push down on the chest to a depth of about 2 inches at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. After every 30 compressions, tilt the person's head back, lift their chin, and give two breaths into their mouth or nose.
Bleeding and wound care
Bleeding can occur due to cuts, punctures, or trauma, and can be severe or minor. Severe bleeding requires immediate attention to prevent shock or loss of life. To control severe bleeding, apply direct pressure to the wound using a clean cloth or gauze, and elevate the affected limb above the level of the heart if possible. If the bleeding does not stop or becomes worse, apply a tourniquet above the wound, but only as a last resort.
For minor wounds, clean the affected area with soap and water and cover it with a sterile dressing or bandage. Check the wound for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or discharge, and seek medical attention if necessary.
Choking
Choking occurs when a person's airway becomes blocked by food, a foreign object, or mucus. It can be a life-threatening emergency if the person cannot breathe or speak. To help a choking person, stand behind them and wrap your arms around their waist. Make a fist with one hand and place it slightly above the person's navel. Grasp the fist with your other hand and pull sharply inward and upward, repeating until the object is dislodged. If the person becomes unresponsive, perform CPR.
Conclusion
First aid is a crucial skill that can save lives and prevent injuries from becoming worse. The above techniques are only a few of the basics of first aid, but they can go a long way in helping someone in need. However, it is essential to note that first aid does not substitute professional medical care. Seek medical help as soon as possible, even if the person appears to be stable, as some injuries or illnesses may not show immediate symptoms.
