Association between opioid prescribing patterns and opioid overdose-related deaths

Many synthetic and semi-synthetic produced medications derived from the opiate alkaloid precursor found in opium poppies are classified as opioids. Opioids include drugs like methadone, oxycodone, and heroin. Due to the overuse of opioids, opioid overdose is a serious illness. Opioids can be extremely harmful during therapy because of the increased risk of overdose and the potential for serious disorders that may lead to physical and mental disability that lasts a lifetime. Yet, the problem of opioid overdose can be resolved by seeking immediate assistance, and treatment programs can significantly differ by promoting recovery and reducing the likelihood of opioid overdose in the future. This can be achieved by advising the affected person to seek for treatment and sometimes helping the person to attend medical clinics. Additionally, referring the patient or the family member of the patient to self-help groups such Narcotics Unidentified, which trails twelve approaches to recovery of Opioid overdose and are free. The (NA) help an individual to form a provider network of moderate-minded peers and families who can help with the change into self-denial.


An opioid is a medical issue because, the drugs are taken from natural morphine substances that are taken from the seedpod of many opium poppies (Bohnert, Valenstein, Bair, Ganoczy, McCarthy, Ilgen, & Blow 2011). On the other hand, opioid pain medicine such as OxyContin have similar effects to heroin and misuse of it is a risk factor. Additionally heroin has critical effects when it passes through the brain quickly and impasses to opioid receptors on cell positioned in numerous areas and as a result, control, sleeping, breathing, and heart rate. On the contrary, use of opioid over a long time may yield to long-term effects for instance; it may collapse the veins for people who use the drugs as a form of injection. Comparatively, use of opioids may cause infection of the heart lining and valves and may lead to liver and kidney disease.


Bullying is a violent action that is intended, and that encompasses difference of power. Frequently, it is recurring and can be many in forms (Swearer, Espelage,& Napolitano,2012). However, there are best practices that can be taken in bullying prevention and intervention. Firstly, the school leaders should emphasize on the familiar environment of the institute by changing the school climate and the social standards about mistreating. Teachers, administrators, counselors and non-teaching staffs must help bullied students, and it is a regulation for students and teams to observe when a student is oppressed or left out. Additionally, schools should assess bullying by estimating the nature and the extent of bullying. Furthermore, the school leaders should form groups that will coordinate the school bullying prevention activities through establishing a regular meeting that will help them gather information regarding bullying.


Relatively, students will practice bullying prevention, if the school sent rules and regulation that will deal with students whole bully others accordingly to the extent of expelling them. On the contrary, it is significant for the school leaders to plan bullying prevention rules, activities policies and motivates parents, students to ensure that the effort of fighting against bullying continues over time. Moreover, the school should only train scholars, not to oppressor but also should teach them to be better citizens, not violent bystanders and should be aware of adults’ expectations that refrain from bullying (Swearer, Espelage,& Napolitano,2012). Therefore, there should be no end to bullying prohibition, and it should be woven in the whole school domain.


References


Bohnert, A. S., Valenstein, M., Bair, M. J., Ganoczy, D., McCarthy, J. F., Ilgen, M. A., & Blow, F. C. (2011). Association between opioid prescribing patterns and opioid overdose-related deaths. Jama, 305(13), 1315-1321.


Swearer, S. M., Espelage, D. L., & Napolitano, S. A. (2012). Bullying prevention and intervention: Realistic strategies for schools. Guilford Press.

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