Number of businesses Change on % change on % that are (000s) year (000s) year employers
2000 3,467 - - 32% 2001 3,502 35 1% 33% 2002 3,573 71 2% 33% 2003 3,679 106 3% 32% 2004 3,925 247 7% 30% 2005 3,927 1 0% 30% 2006 4,125 199 5% 29% 2007 4,272 146 4% 29% 2008 4,284 12 0% 29% 2009 4,375 92 2% 28% 2010 4,483 108 2% 27% 2011 4,589 106 2% 26% 2012 4,818 229 5% 26% 2013 4,914 97 2% 25% 2014 5,247 333 7% 24% 2015 5,401 154 3% 24% 2016 5,498 97 2% 24%
2017 5,695 197 4% 24%
Source: BIS, Business Population Estimates
Notes: Data relates to the start of each year
Businesses by industry
in the UK,
2017
Number of businesses Employment Turnover
000s % % %
Agriculture, mining and utilities 194 3% 3% 6%
Manufacturing 266 5% 10% 15%
Construction 1,008 18% 8% 8%
Total services 4,227 74% 79% 71% Of which:
Retail 542 10% 19% 33% Transportation 345 6% 6% 5% Accommodation & food 202 4% 9% 3% ICT 351 6% 5% 6% Financial and Insurance 86 2% 4% -Real estate activities 112 2% 2% 2% Professional and scientific 856 15% 10% 8% Administrative & support service 479 8% 11% 7% Education 296 5% 2% 1% Health and social work 362 6% 7% 2% Arts and recreation 276 5% 3% 3% Other service activities 319 6% 3% 1%
Total 5,695 - - -
Source: BIS, Business Population Estimates
Turnover % does not include financial services
Figure 2: general business outputs
Figure 3: Rate of employment in private sector
Private sector businesses in the UK by number of employees, 2017
Businesses Employment Turnover Businesses Employment Turnover
1000s 1000s £ billions % % %
No employees 4,328 4,697 272 76% 18% 7%
SMEs (0-250 employees) 5,687 16,147 1,905 99.9% 60% 51% Of which: Micro (0-9 employees) 5,445 8,790 824 96% 33% 22% Small (10-49 employees) 208 4,059 540 4% 15% 14%
Medium (50-249 employees) 34 3,297 541 1% 12% 14% Large (250+ employees) 7 10,576 1,834 0% 40% 49%
Total, all businesses 5,695 26,723 3,739 100% 100% 100%
Source: BIS, Business Population Estimates,
Notes: Data relates to the start of 2016, Numbers rounded to the nearest 1000
Figure 4: Raw data obtained during the study .
Variables
Privatized Enterprises
State-Owned Enterprises
S score (Skewness)
S-score (Kurtosis)
Thapiro -Hilks
Chi-Sq. Goodness
Z score (Skewness)
Z score (Kurtosis)
Shapiro-Wilks
Chi-Sq. Goodness
Pre-
Post-
Pre-
Post-
Pre-
Post-
Pre-
Post-
Pre-
Post-
Pre-
Post-
Pre-
Post-
Pre-
Post-
Earnings beforehand tax &interest (EBTI)
4.50*
4.40**
2.99*
3.82*
0.76*
0.99*
28.4**
29.6**
5.73*
3.44*
6.41*
5.81*
0.78*
0.61*
76*
68*
Earnings beforehand tax &interest to sales (ROS)
5.50*
3.62*
3.81*
4.97*
0.63*
0.91*
59.7*
48.8*
3.98*
5.66*
4.21*
6.92*
0.84*
0.43*
106*
138*
Earnings beforehand tax and interest to assets (ROA)
2.90***
2.21**
2.65**
-0.40
0.78**
0.99**
39.8**
19.2
2.92*
1.76***
2.48*
3.83*
0.96*
0.95*
47.7*
49*
Earnings beforehand tax & interest to equity (ROE)
2.10
2.09**
-0.63
1.96**
0.98
0.90**
19.3
29.6**
4.94*
4.68*
5.52*
5.79*
0.71*
0.63*
79.7*
66*
Sales efficiency (SALEFF)
2.36
3.48*
0.89
4.88*
0.85***
0.94*
29.4**
27.8***
5.81*
4.86*
5.52*
6.99*
0.68*
0.64*
66.6*
86.4*
Efficiency income “before tax & interest
3.40*
2.21**
2.68*
2.99*
0.87*
0.82*
28.3**
29.2**
5.62*
2.49**
6.70*
5.75*
0.48*
0.50*
59*
35*
Real sales (SAL)
2.47
6.84*
0.43
3.86*
0.84***
0.82*
29.2**
18.7
5.50*
5.65*
6.79*
6.65*
0.68*
0.62*
65.1*
96.5*
Total employment (EMPL)
3.94*
4.48*
2.87*
3.99*
0.95*
0.90*
47.7*
38.8*
4.44*
4.59*
5.81*
5.97*
0.77*
0.75*
34.6*
48.4*
Total debt to total assets (TDTA)
3.28**
3.61**
2.98*
3.94*
0.81*
0.82*
39.6*
17.7
2.30**
3.88*
2.66**
4.91*
0.91*
0.86*
36.4*
53.1*
Variables
Absolute performance change technique
Relative performance change technique
Z score (Skewness)
Z score (Kurtosis)
Shapiro-Wilks
Chi-Sq. Goodness
Z score (Skewness)
Z score (Kurtosis)
Shapiro-Wilks
Chi-Sq. Goodness
Priv.
SOEs
Priv.
SOEs
Priv.
SOEs
Priv.
SOEs
Priv.
SOEs
Priv.
SOEs
Priv.
SOEs
Priv.
SOEs
Earnings beforehand tax &interest (EBTI)
4.670**
5.78*
1.68
6.12*
0.97**
0.29*
24.6
84*
3.35**
3.84*
3.66*
4.94*
0.97*
0.86*
17.9
41.2*
Earnings beforehand tax &interest to sales (ROS)
5.68*
2.86*
4.46*
4.42*
0.88*
0.78*
61.5*
72.8*
4.27*
2.83**
5.24*
5.05*
0.88*
0.68*
24.06**
78.1*
Earnings beforehand tax & interest to assets (ROA)
2.68**
3.68*
2.28**
4.24*
0.84**
0.86*
35.1***
54.5*
4.47**
3.73*
3.80*
4.29*
0.96*
0.84*
27.1**
64.5*
Earnings before tax &interest to equity (ROE)
2,.96
3.88*
0.68
4.58*
0.98
0.70*
24.6
66.3*
3.98*
3.30*
4.89*
6.18*
0.92*
0.51*
23.8**
46.1*
Sales efficiency (SALEFF)
3.46*
2.68**
3.86*
4.68*
0.88*
0.78*
50.3*
79.8*
5.77*
5.67*
6.53*
6.47*
0.68*
0.72*
93.3*
98.4*
Efficiency "before tax & interest
1.84***
5.84*
1.89**
6.45*
0.92***
0.43*
39.5**
56.5*
3.86*
4.47*
4.57*
5.13*
0.93*
0.74*
11.15
59.6*
Real sales (SAL)
1.98***
1.78
2.28**
5.38*
0.97***
0.89*
23.6
61.5*
5.32*
4.80*
6.01*
4.85*
0.79*
0.75*
42.3*
66.2*
Total employment (EMPL)
2.89*
2.28*
4.68*
0.48
0.88*
0.94*
39.7**
46.1*
1.51
2.69***
1.98
2.07
0.98
0.98**
24.1***
28.1**
Total debt to total assets (TDTA)
1.98***
0.78
2.96**
3.39*
0.98
0.98*
31.6***
45.4*
4.69*
6.16*
2.31*
6.92*
0.85*
0.53*
53.6*
187.8*
