Analysis of China

The People's Republic of China is situated in East Asia, bordered to the east by the Pacific (Bedford, Donald et al.). China has a land area of 9.6 square kilometers, making it the world's third-largest nation after Russia and Canada. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, China was besieged by military defeats, civil strife, foreign colonization, and severe famines. Following World War II, a new nation was created, with Mao Zedong as its leader. Even as stringent measures were imposed on daily life, China's sovereignty was upheld. After 1978, Deng Xiaoping, who was Mao Zedong's replacement, immediately paved way for decentralized economic decision-making and market-oriented reforms. Currently, China is categorized as a huge economic output and economic controls keep on being lenient while the political control remains strict.

In 1978, the Chinese leadership commenced shifting the economy from apathetic, Soviet-style centrally planned economy to an exceedingly market-oriented system. Even though the system functions in the compass of a political framework of uptight Communist control, the economic influence of urbanites and non-state institutions has been habitually rising. Since 1978, the GDP has quadrupled due to this increase. In 2003, China was considered the second biggest economy in the world after the USA since it had a population of 1.3 billion people and just a GDP of $5000 per capita. The economy is usually monitored on a purchasing power parity basis. In 2002, 8% was the GDP growth rate for this country. Industry and agriculture had shown great gains, particularly in the coastal regions close to Hong Kong and opposite Taiwan, where there is a foreign investment that assists in instigating the output of both export and domestic goods.

The government is lately undergoing struggles as it gathers revenues from enterprises, provinces, and people; in order to curtail corruption and other various economic crimes; and to keep track of the large state-owned organizations, a couple of which are safeguarded from contention through subsidies and had been losing their capabilities thus defaulting pensions and wages. China has increased their expenditure, over the past years, when it comes to environmental protection. This is because between 1998 to 2002, environmental expenditure was 580 billion in total, or 1.29 % of the GDP at that time and equivalent to 180 % of the cumulative expenditure in environmental conservation during 1950 to 1997. China’s economy has experienced extensive revolution. The aim in the government plan has been to actualize separate channels or development distant from the state sector, administering under different regulations and conditions so that they can increase the market focus as they retain central planning. This procedure which has been called ‘out of plan’ has become exceedingly apparent and it is predicted that its capability to advance China’s development is diminishing. Structural setbacks are on the rise and bring about under-utilization of labor and safeguard slowdown in real economic growth. China emerged as the world’s largest beneficiary of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for the first time in 2002 but the country had commenced reaccepting foreign investment only just a while ago. China still ranks very low when it comes to the terms of FDI per capita.

China is still considered to be a communist nation which was founded in 1949.The Chinese Community Power (CCP) has complete political power since there are only eight registered parties which are available and are controlled by CCP. There is no considerable amount of political opposition working although the government has determined that the Falungong sect and the China Democracy Party are possible rivals. The legal system is a complex combination of statute and custom, mainly criminal law. Since January 1987, there has only been one rudimentary civil code that has been implemented. In the recent past, there have been continuous efforts that are being made in order to amend administrative, commercial, civic and criminal law

The exponential economic growth has mainly taken place in the Coastal sections of the country and the fertile areas close to large rivers (Lee, Gisela et al.). The outcome for this is that there is a gap between the poor inland areas and the affluent coastal areas. It generated major disagreements between various social groups, which have caused a floating population of a minimum of 100 million seasonal workers looking for jobs around the country. There are approximately 1.3 billion people who are habitats of China. The life expectancy at birth is averagely at 72.22 years while the growth rate of the population is 0.6%. The population is approximately 17 million new citizens per annum, which is amazing. Even though there is a one child policy by the Chinese government, it cannot inhibit that development. The literacy rate stands at 86%. Chinese is the national language though there are various ethnic groups which communicate in their own minority language. It has officially been communicated that China is an atheist nation.

The world’s fourth largest country is China. It has a surface area of 9,566,960 square kilometers and a coastline of 14,500 kilometers. The people living in China experience climate which is diverse. For example, it is tropical in the south and sub-arctic in the north (Flower, Kathy). The topography of the nation includes mainly deserts in the west, deltas, mountains, hills in the east, plains and high plateaus. China consists of the world’s largest natural resources. Even though it has these benefits, the critical problem regarding this environment is the intense air pollution, for example, sulphur dioxide particulates and greenhouse gasses. This is because of dependency on coal as a source of energy, unsafe water shortages especially in the north; excessive water pollution from wastes which are untreated. China has lost approximately one-fifth of its agricultural land since 1949 because of soil erosion and desertification.

The continuous deterioration of China’s environment has been caused by them evading two years of swift economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization. Both their concentration of water and air pollutants are amidst the highest in the world. This kind of concentration leads to poor human health conditions and a diminished level of agricultural productivity. The deteriorated China ecosystem has been caused by deforestation, destruction of grasslands and wetlands, and soil erosion thus threatening future sustainability. Nonetheless, steps have been taken by China so that they can decrease deforestation and pollution. Environmental management has been developed on a local and national level by implementing a system of pollution control programs and institutional networks. The State Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) was promoted to full ministerial standard and coverage increased to involve environmental challenges. This occurred due to the 1998 government reorganization. In order to improve their control of urban and industrial pollution, China has excessively focused on better usage of economic incentives, raising the use of public information campaigns, financial analysis and on river basin management aided by OECD.







Works Cited

Bedford, Donald et al. China. 1st ed.

Flower, Kathy. China. 1st ed., London, Kuperard, 2011.

Lee, Gisela et al. China. 1st ed., Huntington Beach, CA, Teacher Created Materials, 2007.